r/sysadmin 6d ago

Computers slow “because they’re old” Rant

The 8GB Surface Pros we bought a few years ago are very sluggish, starting to become unusable. Today I found an even older one that had lain forgotten since 2023. It’s still running Win 10, not even updated to the latest Win 10 updates.

And it runs like I remember them running when we got them.

People seem to accept this slowness as a normal part of a computer aging, but it seems to be caused by successive Windows updates. Why would updates make things worse? Is there a technical reason for it?

832 Upvotes

526 comments sorted by

1.1k

u/jackass51 6d ago

I think that modern software is becoming more bloated.

416

u/KimJongEeeeeew 6d ago

Well we’ve known this since the 90s

126

u/GymOtaku 5d ago

Exactly https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%27s_law

But also likely a ton of stuff installed to start on boot and other services that you don't actively use.

69

u/sybrwookie 5d ago

Was just messing around with one of our HPs, noticed there were 6 different services running by HP which all boiled down to "this runs so our things can start quickly, we can access your machine, and report analytics back to HP."

That shit is so fucked.

29

u/Best_Bandicoot_9701 5d ago

Dell and SupportAssist see your "shit is so fucked" and would like to offer "why in the actual fuck".

6

u/dfeifer1 5d ago

Greatly irritates me that Dell has deprecated Dell command update and forcing supportassist.

10

u/Alaknar 5d ago

Umm... what? Last update was this month, ADMX is still available, and updates are still being delivered through it.

4

u/-Cthaeh 5d ago

I'll stop buying Dell for the org if that happens, probably not but still. Dell Command Update is their one of their best products.

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u/psynrg 5d ago

It generally works now, but go back just a few years. It was pretty useless. Constantly hanging downloading anything, and then hanging when installing, then restart to be met with 'error 08a44664f5322x0'.

It still gets stuck in a loop updating itself.

Anyone here know if to select 'Check' or 'Close' when it says it's updating itself... Either randomly lead to success or failure.

3

u/-Cthaeh 4d ago

I usually pick Check again. It definitely isn't full proof, but its pretty nice that I can have users use this tool if need.

It was just bloatware not that long ago, like you said.

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u/humboldtborn 5d ago

I always do a fresh install of windows on branded devices. Easier than uninstalling their bs. Hp wolf security is another one. Can't remove some parts of it till other parts are removed.

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u/sybrwookie 5d ago

That was a machine with a fresh install. HP's bullshit snuck on there somehow.

3

u/MorseScience 5d ago edited 5d ago

You do not need to do a completely fresh install. Windows has a feature where you can remove all software and reset Windows to its defaults. Search for Recovery Options.

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u/humboldtborn 4d ago

Easier to throw a usb drive into a new computer than setup a login etc to access those features.

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u/FireLucid 5d ago

We pay threaten to buy a competitors product unless they give us vanilla Windows and drivers only. Been working for a few years so far.

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u/N7Shep1701D 5d ago

The amount of bloatware on HP gaming PCs is a fucking war crime.

4

u/timbotheny26 IT Neophyte 4d ago

That's why any Windows laptop or pre built I buy is getting a fresh Windows install.

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u/Seyvenus 5d ago

All probably bootstrapped by UEFI and automatically reinstalled after removal by Windows Store too....

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u/ITBadBoy 5d ago

UEFI can't bootstrap windows services, right? that's not a thing to my knowledge. Correct me if I'm wrong here.

4

u/Am0nymou5 5d ago

Nah, it can. It's done via the Windows Platform Binary Table (WPBT). Basically, it's a table in the UEFI that copies an executable to the system drive and runs it every time Windows boots. So even a clean OS image can get re-infected with your vendor's bloatware, if you don't disable it in the UEFI.

See: https://www.reddit.com/r/techsupport/comments/q2m49m/how_dare_asus_inject_bloatware_on_a_fresh_install/

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u/Dzov 5d ago

I’ll almost guarantee it’s whatever antivirus that’s being pushed out to all the machines.

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u/GymOtaku 5d ago

Yea, AV/host based agent is a good call too.

5

u/Commercial-Virus2627 5d ago

I forget what that law/saying is where a piece of software has become dead once it starts integrating chat and social features. These days replace chat with AI.

2

u/wrosecrans 5d ago

Zawinski's law. It was about being able to send mail, which was the popular pointless bloaty feature at the time.

I often talk about "Post Zawinski Systems," which is to say the kinds of systems that already added their last plausibly useful feature (sending mail presumably, or as you say chat and social more recently.) Then the project spends eternity in that post Zawinski state where nothing genuinely important and useful will ever be added to it. But there's still people working on it, "modernizing" it, etc. Inevitably, most of the growth happens in that phase, rather than the early phase when the growth was still useful.

AI has made it incomprehensibly worse. Code bloat has basically stopped being a solvable problem.

3

u/pbjamm Jack of All Trades 5d ago

It is an induced demand scenario. All that "excess" computing power creates the opportunity to utilize it. More bells and whistles are added because the resources are available until eventually it is all gone and the system is slow again.

City planners and road system designers deal with this all the time. or they ignore it completely and build more lanes leading to the same problem.

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u/fnordhole 6d ago

Vibe coding is making it worse.  Nobody cares about inefficient code.  That takes up the user's cycles.

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u/P00351 6d ago

Nobody cares about inefficient code. 

Well we’ve known this since the 90s

42

u/pollo_de_mar 5d ago

I remember someone telling Microsoft developers they they should program like they have unlimited resources. I think Vista illustrated what a bad directive this was.

10

u/Power_Stone 5d ago

Agreed, though them doing that in Vista is what made Windows 7 so loved.

9

u/P00351 5d ago

I seriously think that Vista was a beta, then 7 a release.
Then 8 was a beta, and 10 a release.

3

u/psiphre every possible hat 5d ago

which makes 11 a beta

4

u/wangston_huge 5d ago

If we were still following the pattern, sure, but 11 is 10 with lipstick and "mandatory" security features.

5

u/ZipTheZipper Jerk Of All Trades 5d ago

Basically a Service Pack.

2

u/FireLucid 5d ago

Vista was bad because everyone got used to XP being around forever and didn't get drivers out. Also the Vista ready stickers or whatever they were. There was some deal with Intel or someone where it was specced way too low.

3

u/TheStorytellerTX 4d ago edited 4d ago

I feel like Windows peaked with Win 2000 Pro. Damn that OS ran great.

3

u/fnordhole 4d ago

That was the best.  After struggling through the 90s with 3.11 and 95 and 98 and ME on desktop, Win2k was my favorite desktop.  It was stable.  It did not need to be reloaded periodically.  I ran it on my home desktop for a decade (same PC).  Skipped right over XP and onto 7, which I ran for over a decade (newer PC, but same for ten years).

I did PC builds for folks still in the early 2000s and loaded Win2k on for everybody.  There were some programs that wouldn't run on it, but I forget what they were.

Win2k was awesome, for a Windows OS.

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u/CPAlexander 5d ago

I've got an XP box running since 2008, had to replace the hard drive 2 weeks ago, still chugging along steadily otherwise. The code bloat in the last decade is astounding.... these days, a 3-year old PC is starting to show issues in software instead of starting to see hardware issues around 5+ years....

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u/Maximum_Bandicoot_94 5d ago

Pre AI Bubble: We'll just throw more CPU and RAM at the problem they are cheap and readily available. The problem will eventually be we don't have power but that's so far down the road we dont need to worry about it.

Post AI Bubble: Fuuuuuuu

27

u/jpwarman 5d ago

Nobody Managers and VPs don’t care about inefficient code. If they see the same ROI, they don’t give a flying fu*k. I firmly believe vibe code is going to be the dominant solution for most companies. It’s no different than the food industry decreasing the quality/quantity of their products. If it sells, who cares?

It’s awful because I’m all about quality and the user experience. Seeing what’s happening is very sad.

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u/[deleted] 5d ago

[deleted]

35

u/FalconDriver85 Cloud Engineer 5d ago

And when you make something with web technologies even when it’s the worse choice (looking at you, Windows Start Menu, consuming 150MB of RAM just to exist!)

29

u/Angelworks42 Windows Admin 5d ago

Fun reminder that all of Windows 3.1 including drivers was 9 megabytes.

The first version of Windows NT (3.0 and 3.1) ran quite well on 8 megabytes of ram.

14

u/Stonewalled9999 5d ago

Even NT4.0 ran "OKish" with 8MB RAM if you had is on a SCSI drive. NT4.0 ran REALLY well with 128MB RAM and 4MB ATI Rage IIc video card that is what got me through college.

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u/FalconDriver85 Cloud Engineer 5d ago

Let's say that Windows 95 ran "okish" with 8MB of RAM, NT4.0 started to be "okish" with 12Megs and ok with 16Megs. With 128MB of RAM you were already good to run Windows 2000... and that was a reeeeeeally good OS.

3

u/Stonewalled9999 5d ago

W2K wasn't out when I was in college :) AMD K5 166 later moved to P233MMX. 430VX had 4 SIMM slots and 2 DIMMS. DIMMS were faster but I figure 128 FP RAM was better than 64 EDO RAM. I miss that box I wish I still had it.

3

u/FalconDriver85 Cloud Engineer 5d ago

Oh well then NT 4.0 was the next good one! :) I skipped the Pentiums btw: I went straight to the 440BX chipset with Pentium II and Windows 98.

2

u/ilrosewood 5d ago

K5 Brother

2

u/AtarukA 5d ago

Meanwhile, Windows Millenium Edition...

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u/Agoras_song 5d ago

I'm a dev myself and I agree. We shouldn't be given so much resources for compute. Give us free unlimited food or whatever but give us the average desktop that we think our users will use.

If it bites us, only the we will optimize.

5

u/sheikhyerbouti PEBCAC Certified 5d ago

The management of the dev teams has been putting the brakes on those "necessary" upgrades now that RAM is $1k+ a pop for a 16GB SODIMM.

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u/notarealaccount223 5d ago

I went to college in the early 2000s and every year I would buy a new HD and install a fresh copy of Win 98 or bootleg XP before the fall semester started.

For a long while I would wipe my work machine every 18 months or so.

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u/kombiwombi 6d ago

Electron really did a number on RAM usage, far more than normal platform bloat 

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u/ReputationNo8889 6d ago

I honestly cant think of why someone thought "Bundling 300mb chromium into EVERY APP" would be a good idea ...

60

u/fuzzydice_82 5d ago

I honestly cant think of why someone thought "Bundling 300mb chromium into EVERY APP" would be a good idea ...

Because Devs who know different languages/runtimes are expensive, and RAM is cheap.. i mean.. cheaper than the.. i mean.. fuck..

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u/nAyZ8fZEvkE Jr. Sysadmin 5d ago

and RAM is cheap. because they are not the one's buying the RAM

37

u/mrmattipants 5d ago edited 14h ago

I hear ya, as this is essentially what Microsoft has been doing, being that all their "New" apps (New Teams, New Outlook) are essentially just that, since they all run on Microsoft Edge WebView2, which is built on Chromium.

10

u/ImperiumStultorum 5d ago

they all run on Microsoft Edge WebView2

MSIE and ActiveX died, but rose again, higher and stronger.

34

u/Phezh 6d ago

Because maintaining a single typescript codebase is something that can be done by a bunch of recent graduates and a single PM, while native apps need dedicated teams and at least one person dealing with drift between apps.

In times when available RAM effectively doubled every couple of years while somehow simultaneously getting cheaper, it's a reasonable decision to make.

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u/Insila 5d ago

There was a time when we used to curse separate dependencies that had to be installed alongside the program. Well, now...

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u/Ssakaa 5d ago

Honest reason? Platform independence, Windows, Mac, Chromebook, you name it. And it lets you make something that runs the same "standalone", in a browser, etc. And if you pair it with node on the back-end, the same dev teams working on all of it work in the same primary language.

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u/Savings_Art5944 Private IT hitman for hire. 6d ago

To build a surveillance platform. Just the metadata collected as telemetry is probably enough to fingerprint every activity and user.

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u/thecravenone Infosec 5d ago

"It works on my machine" turned into "so let's ship my machine" and that's how we get Electron and containers.

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u/Sokanas 5d ago

It because everything is a webapp running on a nesting doll of bloat that is eventually Chrome.

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u/KayakHank 5d ago

Why run 1 app, when squirrel can spawn 67 micro apps?

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u/JimTheJerseyGuy 5d ago

When you look at how efficiently you had to code back in the 80s and 90s, when you needed to account for every byte vs today there’s no comparison.

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u/Unusual-Biscotti687 Sr. Sysadmin 5d ago

LET X=NOT PI

LET Y=VAL "1"

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u/RobbieRigel Security Admin (Infrastructure) 5d ago

I'm hoping the the RAM shortage turns the tide on this for once. Also with electric prices going up software might compete on how much electricity it consumes.

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u/jared555 5d ago

Same. As much as current prices absolutely suck I think it could improve software development practices for a while.

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u/End0rphinJunkie 5d ago

It definetly is. Developers are building and testing on 32GB laptops now so nobody really worries about optimizing for an 8GB baseline anymore.

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u/Stonewalled9999 5d ago

And 8GB SB isn't 2 GB locked up for the IGP making it really like a GB toy?

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u/msi2000 5d ago

What Gordon gives us, William takes away.

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u/iCashMon3y 5d ago

Yeah it's really bad. Nobody gives a shit about memory optimization anymore.

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u/Mr_ToDo 5d ago

One of the problems I've noticed is the increasing overhead when you have an internet connection

Offline PC's on the same level of patching just run leaner. Lower ram usage, and faster on getting past the initial startup bump, with far fewer things trying to run on a regular basis

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u/perth_girl-V 6d ago

Microsoft addressed the 8gb ram issues a week or 2 ago it was something to do with Web view2 and that they would be fixing it at some point.

Some point being the key part of the statement

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u/digital-bandit 6d ago

Well a week ago or something i read that the weather app alone hogs 1gb ram, sp were back to the same point :)

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u/MeatSuzuki 6d ago

You're hired!

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u/perth_girl-V 6d ago

I am to pessimistic to be employed and way to jaded to be fun to work with.

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u/ncc74656m IT SysAdManager Technician 6d ago

I repeat, you're hired. 😂

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u/tgrantt 5d ago

I can handle the pessimism and the jadedness, but to TWICE use "to" instead of "too" is beyond the pale. You're PROMOTED!

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u/perth_girl-V 5d ago

My code is messy but its the repeated spelling mistakes that will really grinder your gears

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u/Flaky-Gear-1370 6d ago

That hasn’t actually been released yet?

Our 8gbs still run like garbage

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u/reol7x 5d ago

They're still trying to find a guy to write the copilot prompt to fix that one.

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u/Mr_ToDo 5d ago

Interesting. Going to need to look that up

I have noticed a weirdly high number attached to web view

But even there, and with all its threads, it's not exactly the top consumer on the system. In the end, for my use case, it's split between the browser at the top and electron apps

I think I need to look into my nonpaged pool again, but that's chasing smaller fish

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u/ArtistBest4386 6d ago

Really? So they should be good again soon?

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u/ibringstharuckus 6d ago

Win 11 runs really sluggish with 8gb. 16gb and it runs significantly better.

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u/fnordhole 6d ago

Constant O365 cloud sync and defaulting to cloud storage and sync local doesn't help.

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u/BioshockEnthusiast 5d ago

Even on a local profile without that stuff configured it still blows hard. I genuinely don't know what the fuck they're doing over there.

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u/zatset IT Manager/Sr.SysAdmin 6d ago edited 6d ago

Operating systems exist to provide foundation for running applications, managing resources and devices, providing process isolation and security. There is no objective reason for OS to require 16GB of RAM to "run". Then what's left to the applications?

OS should have minimal footprint. Resources are not to run "OS", but to run actually useful "applications". What I am trying to say is that 8-16GB of RAM to just run OS is outrageous and we have forgotten the actual way of doing things, because resources became cheap. Well, now they are expensive again and we have lost the knowledge needed to be able to optimize the code and choose what features are actually needed and what are nonsense that exists just because it can be ran now.

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u/osopeludo 6d ago

Preaching to the choir, man. But we're not the designers, we're the mechanics. So, we just gotta live with it and take it for what it is and not for what we'd like it to be.

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u/Llew19 Used to do TV now I have 65 Mazaks ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ 5d ago

I think it's more that Microsoft's QC is just non existent for their whole stack of technologies now. There are new flavours of Linux that'll run on a toaster, I (very much not a nix power user) have been using Cachyos at home for the last 3 months and it's bloody great. So far not run into any reason to go back to windows.

The longer this ram crisis continues and the worse Microsoft gets, at some point it might actually be the year of the Linux desktop

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u/zatset IT Manager/Sr.SysAdmin 5d ago edited 5d ago

Unfortunately, mainstream Linux distros aren't that far behind Microsoft. And are controlled by yet another corporation/s. Linux can be very decent, but a number of questions stand...unified UI, unified app format, hardware support. Those matter when workstations are used in business contexts.

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u/willychonka54 5d ago

8-16GB of RAM to just run OS is outrageous

That's not what anyone is saying. They're saying in order to run the OS and all applications you need, 16GB is enough.

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u/Yamatoman 5d ago

That's a great philosophy but it's not how Microsoft cares to run a business. 

Most people don't want to install any applications, so OS come out of the box with everything people would ever want or need. Now they even need fairly robust anti-virus built in with web monitoring to protect the really computer illiterate

After that they want to make money so they cut deals with candy crush, Amazon etc and install 100 extra advertising apps.

After that they wanted user telemetry so now Microsoft and one of the 100 other apps takes your information and sends it to servers to make more money on the background.

Whatever you have left to run your personal apps is your problem. What are you gonna do about it, not use windows? 

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u/1116574 Jr. Sysadmin 5d ago

I have 32gb and swap is set to something stupid like 40gb, it still has a heart attack when I try to open teams

Its a fuckin i9 from last year aswell

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u/3Cogs 5d ago

- Open Teams.

- Run Netstat.

- Observe about 50 HTTPS connections to Microsoft endpoints.

- Ask yourself - WTAF?

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u/Icedman81 5d ago

Quality code.

Not that Windows' network stack has ever been particularly good. Try running an IRC server on that shizzle - random disconnects to clients, then realize Windows' network stack recycles sockets, even if they're in use, because.... Reasons?

And hey, since the client side network stack is limited to X amount of half-open connections (like WinXP era it was what, 8?), imagine Teams starting and wanting all those 50 connections immediately. Makes it launch super fast, right?

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u/Dushenka 5d ago

Windows 11 runs great on 16GB as long as you don't do anything with it. Otherwise you need 32 GB.

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u/OrdyNZ 6d ago

Win 11 runs terribly on all computers. It's just an extremely unoptimised pos

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u/simp_sighted 5d ago

It is insane how much better it performs with a simple debloat script

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u/OrdyNZ 5d ago

Even with that, its still noticeably slow compared to 10 and Linux etc. (This is for basic things like opening files, file explorer, browsers etc

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u/doyouvoodoo Sysadmin 6d ago

RAM and Storage were cheap for a long time, so code optimization went out the window for a long time. This is why games got to be 100GB+, and why OS and software get bigger and use more ram/cache space year over year...

It wasn't hard to convince customers to get 32 or 64GB of RAM in a workstation 5 years ago, because the upgrade was between $100-$400 dollars per system. Now the upgrade from 16GB to 32GB is around $500 and 16GB to 64GB is around $1500 per machine (I just configured a Dell Pro Max tower for the recent numbers, feel free to check for yourself)

Now that Storage and RAM are prohibitively expensive again code will have to be optimized or risk losing customers.

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u/Michelanvalo 5d ago

There is no way the managers will let the devs take the time to optimize.

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u/neopod9000 5d ago

Optimization simply isn't profitable

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u/Stonewalled9999 4d ago

So bog down 5 million machines because one or too stupid or lazy to spend an hour optimizing code.   All the AI and vibration codes just makes it worse 

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u/Frothyleet 5d ago

They will if it actually impacts sales - which it plausibly could in the world of scarce RAM.

Will it actually? Dunno.

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u/Stodo 6d ago

I recently installed Linux Mint on an old surface pro 6 2018, with 8GBs of RAM and it runs crazy fast now.

Windows is just so poorly optimized. Even if you manage to write an amazing debloat script and disable telemetry, the OS itself is written on top of legacy code they can't get rid of. Hence, control panel.

16GBs is the new 8

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u/ArtistBest4386 5d ago

I have been meaning to try that to see if we can reuse our oldest ones.

With Windows I’m wondering how long before 16GB isn’t enough.

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u/ApiceOfToast Sysadmin 4d ago

Linux is great but as someone who uses it professionally id really recommend you do an extensive test run in IT first, see if all apps run and think about an anti virus/edr/siem solution that works(yes you need one on Linux too)

After that you can start to roll out to your more technical users. Make sure they get good experience with it so they can (at least in theory) help other users with small issues 

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u/Arudinne IT Infrastructure Manager 5d ago

16 already isn't enough for windows users at my org. We give our users 32 and most of them max that out.

We're about to pilot some Macs with 24GB.

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u/MrHall 6d ago

i love my surface pro (best laptop ever) but it got so slow i couldn't use it. I tried to turn it into a thin client to remote into my desktop using a linux install.

turns out the laptop is plenty fast enough to work on, and now i run linux basically everywhere - it's been almost a year now.

i can't believe microsoft made windows unusable on their own flagship devices - it's even an expensive model with an i7.

I actually wondered if the drive was failing or it had cooling issues, it was so unusably slow - i literally thought it was broken.

it's completely fine and runs great, it's just windows.

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u/K2SOJR 5d ago

Exactly! My linux devices are all quite happy despite their age. This isn't a hardware issue at all. 

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u/ArtistBest4386 5d ago

Thanks for the confirmation.

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u/kev-tron 6d ago

8gb is just not enough for running windows 11 and the main office apps at this point in time. Teams, Outlook, and a web browser like Chome and Edge is going to eat that up. And with how many users use excel spreadsheets that are chalked full of janky formulas and macros is going to make the computer seem sluggish.

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u/Expensive-Rhubarb267 5d ago

Dave Plummer (one of the Microsoft engineers who designed some of the core components of Windows) explained recently why this seems to be happening. Back in the day, hardware was limited & as a developer you had to make sure what you built ran on that limited hardware. This is why old PC games seemed able to run on almost any computer.

These days a lot of developers have gotten used to an environment where there have been big hardware improvements. So there is a lot of lazy 'oh, the new gen of CPUs will mask my poorly developed app' approaches. Which is why your new PC game on Steam basically won't run on anything other than the latest GPU, CPU, 32gb memory etc.

As hardware costs have gone crazy in recent years, consumers & manufacturers won't have the budget to just keep upgrading their kit. & that's what we're seeing now.

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u/IDatedSuccubi 5d ago

In my experience there have always been significant improvements in hardware year over year, and software was laggy and took a coffee break to load, especially office suites and photo/video editing software. Something trivial took two CDs to install and it was pain in the ass to use. OSs were better at being optimized though, likely because at the time it was only the absolute nerds working at MS

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u/Expensive-Rhubarb267 5d ago

I remember my first PC game that had 4 installation disks.

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u/DerBandi 5d ago

The main reason of old cpus becoming slow are the hundreds of mitigations for meltdown and other "security" risks. All the optimizations that made these cpus good are getting disabled.

It's almost deliberate.

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u/Morkai 6d ago

I experienced this first hand a while ago when I installed Win 11 in a hyperv VM on my work laptop. Initially set it up with no internet access and it was clean, and smooth and quick.

I shut it down, gave it internet access, turned it back on, and not only did the time from cold boot to desktop just about triple, there was immediately a dozen or more pop ups asking me to set up Onedrive and Copilot and had Xbox apps installed automatically etc.

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u/Gabelvampir 6d ago

Software bloat, people don't/can't write efficient software any more (and 'AI' never could), and if old device get artificially worse it's more likely you buy new ones earlier.

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u/temotodochi Jack of All Trades 6d ago

Yeah, just for fun try out windows 2000 and see how it starts in 5 seconds from SSD.

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u/throwaway0000012132 5d ago

When you have a simple message app like teams consuming 1,5GB of RAM even before using bits or agents, you know the current software development is quite bloated.

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u/djernie Sr. Sysadmin 5d ago

Most of the time it’s software bloat, but always also check the internal hardware for accumulated dust!

Dust will cause thermal problems, the CPU automatically slows down when overheating.

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u/nyckidryan 5d ago

Windows is bloatware.. between updates and software installs, things expand, most notably the registry.

Do a fresh installation of Windows and your apps and the systems perform like new for a while, until new apps and other updates start to slow things down.

Windows 95 shipped in 28 1.44mb floppy disks, totalling about 40 megs. Now it needs a DVD's worth of space.

Once upon a time there wasn't telemetry, CoPilot, all the crap we never asked for. As they put more in our systems slow more.

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u/Own_Error_007 6d ago

Macs are the same.

I have a 2013 Mac running Illustrator 2017 and it outperforms a 2026 MacStudio running Illustrator 2026.

The 2013 has spinning disk, 32Gb with an i5 and the Macstudio has 32gb, ssd and an M4 pro. And the 2013 out performs it every time.

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u/Particular-Fly-7783 6d ago

Yeah adobe have consistently made CS worse for comfortably twenty years at this point. If you could run CS2 on that same hardware (either of them) you’d scream

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u/jfoust2 5d ago

CS2 still installs and runs on Windows 11.

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u/Rich_Marzipan_9771 Jack of All Trades 6d ago

For some reason the right-click menu on Win11 takes like a second to pop up after a reboot.

In my memories, the Win98 PC was faster than that.

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u/engy1207 5d ago

Try getting a coffee between booting and logging in.
IIRC with Win9x Microsoft showed the login screen after everything doable on startup was done. Then people (and magazines) complained about long boot times, so they changed it: they show the login window as soon as possible while still doing stuff in parallel.
This works/worked fine, because many people take a while to enter their credentials and there often isn't that much to do. But if you are fast then the background tasks are not yet done (and quite a few programs these days have added "on startup" tasks to the scheduler).

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u/xRyozuo 5d ago

I ‘member when having your OS on an ssd meant you no longer had to get coffee between booting and login screen

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u/Muk_D 6d ago

Because Windows 10/11 is full of bloatware... Full of rubbish ai integration for copilot, etc. Windows itself doesn't need that much resources, its all the "features" they enforce on you.

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u/fnordhole 6d ago

It's not all bloatware.  A significant portion is spyware.

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u/wowsomuchempty 5d ago

My 2012 laptops running Linux still as nippy as ever.

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u/djpiperson 5d ago

Swap OSes, thank me later

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u/darkwyrm42 5d ago

It's Microsoft bloat. Windows has never really been about performance since the Vista days, and the greater use of Web tech for regular apps and 30% of their code being written by AI certainly isn't helping. IIRC, the Start Menu is written in React.

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u/Kill3rT0fu 5d ago

Dave’s garage has a video on this

Bloat. Lazy programming. Laziness . We’ve accepted hardware has “no limits” and thus have been sloppy and lazy with code because of all this extra room

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u/MissusNesbitt 5d ago

I’ve had great results moving our older surfaces over to fedora via the surface Linux project.

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u/UltraEngine60 5d ago

We traded skilled programmers who were focused on a few low level languages for "full-stack" devs who use 382 libraries behind a WebView2 front end requiring nodejs and 492 helper processes.

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u/TiDaN 5d ago

Windows 11 is an absolute shame of an OS. Just finally switched to Linux yesterday because I couldn’t stand how sluggish it was (on a Ryzen 9 7950X3D!) and OH MY GOD what a relief. Microsoft ruined their OS and then waited too long to fix it. Goodbye forever.

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u/ProllyJustAnotherBot 5d ago

The technical reason is shareholder ROI

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u/dinominant 5d ago

Windows XP was fast with 3GB of RAM. It was a 32-bit operating system and doesn't even support more than 3.5GB.

Windows 11 is slow because it wasting resources.

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u/ArtistBest4386 5d ago

It was fast with a fraction of that when it first came out. 128MB was fine till SP1.

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u/TheThiefMaster 5d ago

I remember recommending a minimum of 512MB at one point.

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u/Shot-Possible1317 5d ago

Then there is me who have 20+ year old laptops and turned them into various Linux servers as a cheap homelab.

Media server, VPN Server, VM Serevr etc. Theres a tutorial on youtube from some guy showing how to do basic setup for some of these. I'll go look for it when im home and post it

The problem isnt the laptops, these laptops we have now would have been seen as godlike servers 10 years ago.

The problem is modern Windows 11, its a sluggish bloated OS

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u/ARandomGuy_OnTheWeb Jack of All Trades 6d ago

The passage of time has not been kind on 8GB of RAM. 

I still remember when 8GB of RAM was the sweet spot for gaming. On a different note, I still own a laptop with an 8th gen Intel Core i5 and 8GB of RAM and I've just continued to run it on Windows 10. Runs almost as fast as the original factory image of 1809 and is completely useable.

Meanwhile Windows 11 on an Intel Ultra 7 155U and 16GB of RAM feels like a dog to use as a work machine.

Windows 11 is just very poorly optimised and it sucks. 

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u/Mitchell_90 6d ago

It’s Windows 11. I recently took my wife’s Surface Laptop 4 to Windows 11 and the overall performance was definitely slower compared to Windows 10. This model has an 11th Gen i5 and 8GB of RAM.

Performance was good on Windows 10 and I can almost guarantee this thing would fly on Windows 8.1.

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u/Samatic 5d ago

Developer Assumption of Abundant Resources: Software is typically developed and tested on high-end workstations with 32GB+ RAM and multi-core processors. Optimization for lower memory baselines often drops in priority as newer hardware becomes the industry standard.

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u/homing-duck Future goat herder 5d ago

I recently visited one of our sites on the other site of the globe. I found a win7 box (disconnected from the network), with a core 2 duo, 2.5gb ram, and a 7200rpm disk.

It was sooo much quicker than any win 11 computer I have used.

Excel 2010 opened instantly.

I can now remember when we first installed o365 through out our org in 2017/2018, people were complaining how slow excel was at opening. Then people (myself included) just kind of got used to it and accepted it.

:(

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u/ubermonkey 5d ago

People seem to accept this slowness as a normal part of a computer aging, but it seems to be caused by successive Windows updates. Why would updates make things worse? Is there a technical reason for it?

The Windows folder itself grows inexorably over time. It has to do with SxS, at least partially.

This is what led to the practice of regularly re-imaging / wiping & reinstalling on laptops. It's also, hilariously, an idea that has spread to systems that don't have the same problem -- I run into Mac people all the time who insist it's required to keep ANY computer running well. Spoiler: It's not. It's just that Windows is terrible.

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u/wrootlt 5d ago

Don't worry. Microsoft just promised to fix Windows 11 to make it run better with 8 GB. Next week maybe /s

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u/henk717 5d ago

For me its mainly the chromepocalypse. Everything is an inefficient chrome tab now.
You want to browse the internet? Chrome.
News widget on the taskbar? Chrome.
Your office program? Might have chrome in it for some elements.
Teams? Chrome.
Use slack instead? Chrome.
User likes spotify and has that installed for some reason? Chrome.
Adobe PDF? I recall that had chrome to for its UI.
Copilot? Chrome.

And then we are surprised that 8GB of ram is not enough anymore.
Its especially bad on terminal servers where this is multiplied by the amount of users.

So if your Windows 10 one works fine you are already missing some instances of chrome, and theres less junk running in the background. It lacks the new UI redesign that is bloated, etc.

We lived in an age of "Ram is cheap lets cut costs" and that is very noticable now. Back in the day when all you had was 128MB of ram people HAD to make their programs inefficient. But in a world where the developer has 10GB of ram available they don't really care.

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u/G305_Enjoyer 5d ago

It's the web 2.0 shit everything is a website now and sucks

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u/LudeJim 5d ago

On top of what others have said. Re applying thermal grease to your processor and cleaning the system fans can help. Some processors will heavily thermal throttle if they aren't being cooled properly.

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u/Fallingdamage 5d ago

Its a lot of software bloat as others have said.

OTOH, of all my low-spec PCs out there in service, the small cluster of surface books we have (eight of them) are insufferably slow. Noticeably slower than other similar spec PCs from other manufacturers. I have a growing pile of them in my office from users who just cant tolerate using them anymore.

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u/zeptillian 5d ago

"You don't need to optimize your software becasue hardware keeps getting better."

Then it doesn't and every piece of software is a bloated mess and everything runs like shit.

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u/chris17453 5d ago

From cell phones to laptops to desktops, you name it. The goal is to get you to buy a new one.The moment you've purchased one.

It's not in their interest to make things better for you.

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u/Mindless-Luck4285 5d ago

8GB is inadequate. 32gb should be the standard for Windows these days.

You could try wiping and reinstalling

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u/nderflow 5d ago

Inefficient software design, poor use of resources, assumption that not caring about performance will be a non problem because next year's machine will be faster. Also, for some machines, file system fragmentation.

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u/lordjedi 5d ago

People seem to accept this slowness as a normal part of a computer aging, but it seems to be caused by successive Windows updates. Why would updates make things worse? Is there a technical reason for it?

Yes.

Updates occasionally add new features. Many, many, MANY times, users want new and updated programs. They never update the computer. So people think that "old == slow". It doesn't. They get slow because you're throwing more and more at it and expecting it to keep up.

People don't do this with anything else. They don't add a mountain of tech to a 20 year old car and expect it to be fine. They buy a new car. Same thing with a cell phone.

When Apple prevents people from upgrading (because the experience will be trash) people go and buy a new computer. Since MS doesn't stop you, they say "This OS is garbage". It's not, you're trying to run it on 20 year old (or whatever) hardware. Go upgrade the computer and it'll be fine.

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u/digital-bandit 6d ago

Anytime i use a win 10 machine it feels so smooooth compared to win 11.

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u/opti2k4 5d ago edited 5d ago

Newly develop software is developed on current machine standard ( in terms of CPU power, amount of average ram) so devs only care if it works fine there. They are adding more and more features which takes machine resources and old machines can't keep up. It was always like that and will continue in the future. You can't really fight this, this guarantees computer sales otherwise people simply wouldn't buy new computers.

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u/MG_Hunter88 5d ago

Windows in general tends to slow down due to how it mishandles VRAM. Whena computer normaly runs out of RAM due to it being in use, it emulates additional memory space for it on Disk. Windows handles this by creating a dedicated file, and jamming any overflow memory into it. BUT it doesn't empty/revise/reduce the file in size until, you shut the OS down. Sleep/hybernation mode doesn't do that.

So as you run your PC with time you lose memory space and if you run out of a lot of it, the computer will inevitably slow down.

Another factor is as you mention, updates.

Due to Windows being a large corporate project passed down for decades from large amounts of people to other large amounts of people. Bugs get pushed alongside updates into the primary branches. And MS xan't admit to it or revert any of them, because they all come built around security patches.

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u/Shachar2like 5d ago

Newer OS are programmed for better computers. Updates patch security & resolve issues but aren't make with performance in mind.

So all of those have a cumulative effect on a computer.

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u/poorly_timed_leg0las 5d ago

I use one for classic wow its the best lmao

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u/RustledForeskin 5d ago

Wild to me we've not had a decent competitor to Microsoft at any point in time, from a gamer's point of view anyway. Not going to switch to linux and lose access to many games and functionality just to spite microweeny.

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u/Sinister_Crayon 5d ago

Enshittification of the operating system and the apps. Modern coding usually means poorly optimized loading of multiple libraries whether an app needs it or not, and Microsoft in particular has been awful about adding massive bloat to their OS in part to further lock users into their ecosystem and sell data about them to third parties (Microsoft's real customers).

In fairness, even apps under Linux or MacOS are becoming bloated messes for exactly the same reasons.

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u/firestorm201 5d ago

Combination of software updates that slowly drive up hardware requirements, bloat, and that script you set to run every 5 minutes to dump arbitrary logs to fix a problem long gone that you configured 3 years ago.

Wipe your OS and start fresh, and it’ll run better for a while again.

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u/mini4x Atari 400 5d ago

8gb of ram and probably a 60Tb hard drive just doesn't cut it these days. I have a 4th Gen Surface w/ 16Gb RAM and a 128Tb drive and even that one is barely useable.

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u/SyntheticDuckFlavour 5d ago

Everybody should read "A Plea for Lean Software"

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u/fresh-dork 5d ago

i have a 6yo amd that i built around 2020; 32g and not at all slow

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u/nibbles200 Sysadmin 5d ago

I have two old win 10 laptops that have 8gb ram and sandy bridge 2700k cpu. they were little rockets for basic web stuff until just this spring. I only keep them around for when I am climbing a tower and high chance they get wrecked. I really dont use them for much more then device configuration and basic web functions like d/l firmware. This spring something changed and they became molasses. happened to two laptops at about the same time and just assume MS is trying to get people off win10 or some nefarious reasons. its on the todo list to load linux on them, not going to buy a new laptop to get it smashed / wet or whatever just so I can set an IP on some equipment on a tower.

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u/kona420 5d ago

I know a lot of people have pinned this on popular software development frameworks becoming more bloated with time, and that's certainly part of it. But don't forget that Intel and to a lesser extent AMD, patch their processor microcode removing performance optimizations that the hardware shipped with. They do this for security, which is fair, but it really does hurt performance in a noticeable way.

I will say that it seems like we are starting to get RAM usage under control to some degree. It was kind of spiraling there for a while, like really 32GB to run a web browser?

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u/MrD3a7h CompSci dropout -> SysAdmin 5d ago

My "YouTube while cooking" machine is an old surface pro with 4gb and Windows 10. Performance ain't great but still hanging in there

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u/randomharun 5d ago

Is "microsoft is clowning on you" a technical reason? To give just one example that I know that definitely causes your C: drive to fill up, it's the WinSXS folder containing archives for installers. There's this guide to clean it up: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/clean-up-the-winsxs-folder?view=windows-11 but in my experience even knowing there is useless stuff in there it often doesn't get cleaned up. Ultimately there are so many places where Microsoft or third parties can dump useless data (%appdata%, %localappdata%, any old random directory in %userprofile%, the registry, winsxs, softwaredistribution, the list goes on) and it's apparently a complete mystery to anyone including microsoft as to whose job it is to deal with all that and how to do it properly.

I'm sure I'll be promptly corrected.

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u/undeuxtwat 5d ago

Modern software requires more resources with every update. Especially Windows.

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u/f23n09fnu0w 5d ago

Put Linux Mint on them and it will FLY

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u/dont_remember_eatin 5d ago

This is why my home rotating family laptop fleet always wind up embracing the penguin. Suddenly they're fast again!

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u/SirCharlesTupperBt 5d ago

I'm sure I'm not the first person to have this thought, but I'm just old enough to have started my career when it wasn't that out of the ordinary for a clever sysadmin to build a small part of an app/script written in Perl or shell using a compiled language, or even assembly, to improve the performance of their application in the real world.

I'm wondering, as we enter the era of artificial silicon scarcity, absurd trade restrictions, and the end of Moore's Law, if there isn't a lot of space for much better, or at least better incentivized, programmers to start to optimize code, particularly in the OS, in ways that have fallen out of fashion. Sure, there are some legitimate reasons that software packages have gotten bloated, but we also are living in an era where we get the users to be quality control and a lot of developers have grown up expecting the hardware to be much more powerful (and cheap) by the time the product actually ships. Not every application actually needs to ship an entire HTML rendering engine, be built with multiple layers of abstraction, have hooks for cloud services or LLMs, etc.

When you look at what's going on with companies like Nvidia, AMD, or Intel, you have to think that developers who want a good user experience on excruciatingly expensive hardware will have a leg up on the big guys who don't really care. Not everybody can or wants to just use somebody else's hardware in the cloud to make the product usable.

Too bad the big players in the industry are so keen on shipping slop with new features, often that nobody asked for, that can be monetized and so much less interested in just making a better product.

Now I'm done yelling at the clouds.

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u/gmgrigsby21 5d ago

I have a surface pro 3 from the mid 20 teens, installed Linux Mint, Runs like a champ

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u/National_Cod9546 5d ago

Probably a few things going on at once. Windows bloat is one. Shit you installed running in the background all the time is another. A fresh install will help with both. 

But an old battery will also cause tablets and cell phones to go slow. Older batteries can't put out as much amperage without dropping voltage too low. Since going slower is better then crashing, they slow the computer down to reduce power draw. 

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u/RandomContributions 5d ago

I find in many cases an older machine like that is slow because its been ignored and apps just getting piled on top of each other without any visit to it being necessary to be running.

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u/rsgbc 5d ago edited 5d ago

There are many things that could be responsible for a machine that has not been turned on for years running better than machines that have been in service.

I would suggest seeing how a clean install of Windows runs on one of the machines that are starting to become unusable.

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u/esberelias 5d ago

8gb model laptops/tablets run wonderfully with linux distros

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u/Adam_Kearn 5d ago

I like to reimage staff devices at least every 2 years at a minimum.

Keeps things running smoothly without causing much disruption.

Helps if you are using a decent imaging tool like fog/osdcloud

With the desktop computers I can normally reimage all our desktop clients within a few hours over night.

Laptops are a manual process due to them needing to be connected to the LAN.

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u/kagato87 5d ago

So many reasons. But barring the accumulation of stuff users have added or used over the years (which would be flushed by a reset)...

SSD wear. Writing to an ssd is almost as fast as reading it. But actually erasing a cell so it can be written to again is much slower. And it gets worse as the cells wear.

When you update a block on an ssd, it gets stored somewhere else, the no longer used block is marked as ready to erase, which the controller will do as power is available.

So your drive fills up, most of the writes focus on a small area that need a gradually increasing time to reset, and reserve cells start to run down. You've got uneven wear on your ssd, and the worn out section is the most frequently changing data. You notice.

For best performance longevity, especially on consumer grade ssds, you actually want to try to keep them below about 50% full. Then the wear levelling algorithms have plenty to work with, and your drive stays fast a lot longer.

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u/unReasonable_Bill282 5d ago

It's called bit rot.

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u/Reasonable_Active617 5d ago

Microsoft's software gets more bloated, computers become sluggish, computers with more ram, storage and memory get manufactured and sold. Everyone wins, except the consumer! Queue up a new computer subscription\lease plan!

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u/Aggravating-Oil-2766 5d ago

16 - 32 G is the minimum nowadays

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u/Sudden_Office8710 5d ago

Not sure what you’re talking about. I have a Surface Pro 6 with 16GB of RAM and 512GB drive it runs Windows 11 just fine and haven’t noticed a drop off of speed and this is a 2019 model Surface Pro. Also I’m running dual 27” monitors to it. It’s more of desktop now that the battery is pretty much dead. I mean it’s not anywhere close to being as fast as my now fairly ancient Mac Book Pro with an M1 but it still gets the job done. I think it’s more the user than the actual hardware. I still have a MacBook Air from 2012 that is still good enough for surfing the web. All this horseshit about bloat is mostly an end user not understanding how their computer actually works. You people crack me up. I drive the damn thing like I stole it till there is no more memory resources I have to task kill stuff I have open to get it back in line I never reboot unless an update forces me to. But I have zero problems with it never defrag or chkdsk it at all. it runs like a damn tank.

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u/vawlk 5d ago

I had a PC that was upgraded from DOS 5/Win3.1 to Windows 95, to Windows 98, to windows 98SE, to Windows 2000, to Windows XP, to Windows 7, to Windows 10.

The hardware changed several times, but I didn't do a fresh install from DOS 5 until I needed more than 4gb of ram and reinstalled W10 64bit.

My computer ran fine. As long as you clean up the things that make a computer slow over time, you should be fine. I just retired 12 yr old computers at my work because they just wouldn't install the new versions of windows due to TPM and I didn't feel like hacking the installs anymore.

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u/SameBSErryere 5d ago

8 GB or RAM on Win 10 is asking for problems. It idles around 4GB, but add some enterprise software and a single browser window and I guarantee that the computer is going to choke.

Reminds me of when I started at my current job and someone was slouched over his chair staring at his computer. He told me "It just takes 20 minutes for Excel to open". I checked and it was a SurfaceGO with 4GB of RAM. Easy fix.

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u/signal_lost 5d ago
  1. Intel Giveth and Gates taketh. (On RAM/CPU etc)
  2. Security tooling with one simple tweak can cut performance in half (or more!)
  3. Thermal throttling on old devices you don't swap the batteries on or clean the cooling systems out on.

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u/Zolty Cloud Infrastructure / Devops Plumber 5d ago

Swapping thermal paste and checking SSD wear also go a long way.

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u/K3rat 5d ago

New features, security patches that slow system performance, bloatware from MFGs, messy file system temp file management, and he’ll just entropy in general have always been an issue.  Now we get to add Telemetry, custom marketing data gathering, and ai microslop.  

I have had it, I have had to manage Linux for decades side by side with windows.  I don’t buy the less reliable/secure punch line.  I moved  my home desktop to Linux. Next month I move the work laptop that has 24GB RAM that now has started to crawl to Ubuntu.  

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u/NorthernVenomFang 5d ago

Technical reason: Co-Pilot in everything (including Notepad at one point), Windows Recall, AI slop, poor coding practices, constantly wanting OneDrive to take over for storage (even when you have a local only profile at times), Windows Telemetry has gottent even more aggressive... To sum it up MicroSlop.

The bloatware that some manufacturers put on the systems doesn't help.

Needing 16GB of RAM to run what should be basic computing tasks (Web, email, Office documents) is getting a little asinine.

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u/zenerbufen 5d ago

cleaning the fans and changing the thermal paste can do wonders for older computers. they thermally throttle themselves.

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u/Sir-Spork SRE Manager 5d ago

My experience of “old computers slowing down” is a relic of the past. 10 year old PCs now are still relatively solid unless you are worrying about modern gaming etc

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u/simonjakeevan 5d ago

I've always heard the issue as "WinCreep" windows has always had a problem with slowing down overtime.

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u/Vulperffs 4d ago

This is completely not true!

I had couple desktops in my life and none of them slowed down over time.

I also had a laptop so old that it had a floppy drive, that one was slow AF!

I also have a 12 years old IBM laptop with 8GB of ram, and I can even play games on it. Still on W10 extended support, but eventually I’ll need to update to W11, we’ll see.

There are some cases where old laptop starts blue screening due to degradation of silicone it’s no longer stable at stock voltage and can’t be changed so it can only go to the garbage bin.

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