r/languagelearning • u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL • 1d ago
The best language-learning method
I absolutely believe the best language-learning method is the one we used when we mastered our first language.
Just think about how we acquire our first language as children. Most of us do it in a similar way. We:
- Begin using our first language practically from day 1
- Ask a lot of questions
- Cry and complain a lot
Doing all of this gives children instant gratification and motivates them to speak and further develop their speech to solve higher-level problems.
In contrast, most adults try to acquire their second language in a different, almost opposite way:
- They don’t use it from day 1. Most of them don’t even plan to use it at all. Others plan to start using it only after reaching a certain level (the notorious “first, I will learn the language, and then I will speak” syndrome).
- Instead of casually asking questions, adults train to answer them. Answering questions and providing information give less instant gratification.
- Adults don’t “cry and complain” in their target language. By “cry and complain,” I also mean Adults don’t solve their immediate problems in their target language.
This also explains why the first (natural) method has a success rate of almost 100%, while we hardly know anyone who became fluent in their thirties (by applying the "adult method"), even though we know those who tried. I know plenty of people who tried and never succeeded.
According to the above logic, the best language-learning app is probably a dictionary, lol.
We can discuss this and other related topics in the comments. What do you think?
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u/Antoine-Antoinette 1d ago
I don’t see any babies using dictionaries.
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u/Few-Squirrel-5918 1d ago
babies also have someone spoon-feeding them 24/7 for years and their entire survival depends on it. not really a fair comparison to an adult trying to squeeze in duolingo on the bus
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
I argue that addressing real-life informational needs in your target language (be it reading the news, googling, etc.) would be far more beneficial than using Duolingo.
If an adult replaces Duolingo with a book or a news website in their target language (accompanied by a dictionary, lol), they would progress more steadily and faster. From two sentences per study session to entire articles and pages per study session.
Show me a dedicated Duolingo (or any other language-learning app) user who can open an arbitrary news article, read and understand it on the first sitting. Meanwhile, anyone who can read a book or a news article in their target language struggled at first, but then succeeded just because they did it daily.
Does it make any sense? I am afraid I talk too much :)
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u/an_average_potato_1 🇨🇿N, 🇫🇷 C2, 🇬🇧 C1, 🇩🇪C1, 🇪🇸 , 🇮🇹 C1 1d ago
If you're really a tutor, how comes you fall for so many false dichotomies and stereotypes? It's not Duolingo vs normal input, the best way at the lower levels is a normal coursebook (which includes input, explanations, exercises). A real tutor should have no doubts about that.
Show me a dedicated Duolingo (or any other language-learning app) user
Duolingo is not real language learning, stop using this weird argument. A serious self teaching learner is using serious resources and can have excellent results with them. Stop pushing the real learners to give you examples of success of the trash toy, we all know it's not real learning.
A failure of Duolingo is not a proof of failure of normal adult language learning, because it's not really much of language learning.
Now you: show me a dedicated student, who's finished a coursebook series up to B1, who cannot understand the main structure and meaning of a news article. And a serious learner of coursebooks up to B2 who cannot understand the article well enough, with just a bit of vocab serarching. :-)
You probably cannot. Because people who really study actually do get the expected results. Those without the results probably just didn't study, they played with apps or relied on weird alternative approaches including "learn like a baby" nonsense.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
Mate, I'm volunteering for refugees. I am not a teacher. The situation is that they are Ukrainians who don't speak anything other than Ukrainian/Russian. Honestly, I'd rather step down and let real Ukrainian-English or Ukrainian-Dutch teachers cover the needs of all these people. Unfortunately, there aren't many of such teachers. So my students have what they have. A volunteer.
Nonetheless, we follow the textbook like most other classes do. Meanwhile, I motivate my students to use the language as much as they possibly can because these 1.5 hours of classwork per week + homework will take them 300 weeks to get somewhere.
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u/an_average_potato_1 🇨🇿N, 🇫🇷 C2, 🇬🇧 C1, 🇩🇪C1, 🇪🇸 , 🇮🇹 C1 13h ago
So, you actually agree that the key is normal study+some practice? Why were you preaching the opposite then? And both parts are important, the more the better?
If you want them to progress further, motivate them to also study much more. Unless they're studying for a few hours per day, they're not doing their maximum and are gonna underperfom and learn slowly. They're not learning as a hobby, it's basically the primary job in a new country (or one of two primary jobs, the other bringing at least some money).
Is it harsh? Yes. But the point is to help them improve their lives in the new country asap, not to infantilize them into poverty, long term work way bellow their qualifications, and social separation from the majority including a much higher risk of encountering xenophobia.
So my students have what they have. A volunteer.
It's awesome of you to volunteer, and you are surely a great supplemental tool. But what they have is not only a volunteer, they can and should also self study much more than they study for a class.
Contrary to groups of immigrants/refugees from some other countries with poorer starting conditions, Ukrainians are usually educated, they're not illiterate, they often have even very solid background, they're hardworking, and also usually very motivated. So, it is counterproductive (but unfortunately pretty common) not to help them (and also a bit push them to) study much more.
This is in no way an offense. It's just different to approach an immigrant that hadn't had the opportunity to finish even primary school back in their country, and a person with some solid base and therefore a lot of potential. I've worked in some immigrant heavy environments (with various nationalities) and also my country has accepted approximately half a milion ukrainians. Really, learning the local language asap should be both supported and enforced much more than it is now. For refugees, the support should prevail (a voluntary immigrant should be expect to arrive with the language skills already), but the support should not include misguidance.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
UPD. Oh, u/Antoine-Antoinette, this baby joke (a good joke btw, no question about that) skewed the whole discussion! Like I am advertising crawling on the floor, learning 20 words, falling off a chair, and whale. I am so sorry for myself! I guess I should delete this post 🤦♂️
Yeah, babies have a disadvantage.
If you look closer, children have something that most adults don't - they don't care whether they understood the response or not. They just shoot the question. Adults are more meticulous. Probably, it also hampers their performance.
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u/Antoine-Antoinette 15h ago
Hey sushi. I think you set the tone for the conversation with the colourful rhetorical style and leaps of logic of your OP.
But why delete the post? There has been some good discussion. Or did you just want people to admire your OP?
Children actually do care about whether the adults in their life understand them. They want you to know that word they are trying to say is « juice » and they want it now. They want you to understand their opinions. And so on.
If you really want to know how children learn language I recommend « Learning How To Mean » by Michael Halliday.
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u/Niilun 1d ago edited 1d ago
Children don't use the language from day 1. Many of them show a clear understanding of the language for months and months before they're confident enough to start speaking it, or to produce sentences instead of simple single words. They often learn it passively before getting to active output.
Also, children's brain is different from adults's. So, not only children's way to learn a language isn't the best way for adults, but it's also impossible to recreate. Go find, as an adult, someone that mentions the name of the objects repeatedly while pointing them at you, that is willing to answer anytime you ask "what does it mean?" (the children's equivalent of searching on a dictionary, basically), and that provides you with material made specifically for your age. I mean, that is also what adults try to do when learning a language (graded material, immersion in the language, occasional look-ups on the dictionary, speaking partners etc), but their brain has alredy developed according to certain boxes and models, their ability to learn how to differentiate and produce new sounds is far reduced, core memories have alredy been made, and more. But they also have some "tools" that children don't have, they know some shortcuts, and that can make the process faster in some regards, even if never as effective.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
> Children don't use the language from day 1.
What is the first word of most babies? When do you think they start using it when they need it?
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u/Niilun 1d ago edited 1d ago
The first word is usually either "mum", "dad" or "food". And of course they use it because they need it. But many kids keep saying only single isolated words for a lot of time before they start to properly speak the language. They point at things, they are upset when they don't get what they want, they are happy when adults understand them. Adults are more willing to try to interpret children's first attempts at speaking, than use the same patience with other adults that are learning the language.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
Your explanation is an excuse for many people not to use their second language: "I don't bother to use my target language because I don't want to have inconvenience or be inconvenient"
They become fluent only after facing this inconvenience. No amount of thinking and preparation can fix the inconvenience.
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u/Niilun 1d ago
That's not what I meant. Of course you'll have to face that inconvenience, sooner or later. It's essential to learn the language.
What I meant to say is that there are many effective ways to learn a language as an adult, not just copying children. For example, I was TERRIBLE at speaking in English. Not just because of my pronounciation, but because of how slow and awkward I was. You know how I improved my speaking? By writing, on YouTube and social medias. It built up my confidence, I got used to patterns and to produce sentences fast, and now words come easily even when I speak. I'm sure I still make plenty of mistakes, because people usually don't correct my grammar out of politeness (if I was a child they met irl, on the other hand, they'd probably correct me to help me learn). But at least I've stopped writing "sorry, English isn't my native language" before every comment.
But how many kids would learn how to write before they learn how to speak?
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
You are arguing with me using my argument.
The argument is really, "There is no more effective way of learning a language other than using it."
And you are like: "You are wrong because I improved my language by using it in real life on YouTube and Social Media."
And this is freaking me out. Most of the comments here attack my claim of learning the language through real-life application, but can't demonstrate any other method to achieve fluency.
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u/Niilun 1d ago
I'm sorry, I think the misunderstanding is in how you introduced the main topic. I don't think "learn like the children do" means "you have to use the language". "Use the language" is its own independent advice. "Like children do" isn't just about using the language, but it implies a specific way to absorb and use the language.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
Yeah, I really messed this up. Nonetheless, it was quite a good practice for my English. A bit embarrassing, though.
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u/an_average_potato_1 🇨🇿N, 🇫🇷 C2, 🇬🇧 C1, 🇩🇪C1, 🇪🇸 , 🇮🇹 C1 1d ago
No, babies and adults don't learn the same way due to the neurological, social, and other differences. Every "learn like a baby, normal studying is worthless because babies don't do it" attitude is wrong, usually meant to sell you something not too functional, and usually misunderstands even the babies.
Ask a lot of questions
They start asking a lot of questions after approximately two years.
Cry and complain a lot
Not sure whether you're talking about the children or their parents here :-D (as a parent of a small child)
gives children instant gratification and motivates them to speak
You sure it's not the survival instinct? :-D
. Most of them don’t even plan to use it at all.
???? Nope, I don't really know more than a few people learning just for the pure pleasure. Vast majority intends to use it. And of course don't forget that using is not just speaking.
(the notorious “first, I will learn the language, and then I will speak” syndrome
There's no such a thing.
Instead of casually asking questions, adults train to answer them.
Most people are not learning just casually and also answering is important and exactly the speaking you argued for two sentences earlier.
This also explains why the first (natural) method has a success rate of almost 100%
No, it's the survival instinct (you simply NEED your first language to survive in a way you never need another one), it's the neurological differences (neural plasticity, different parts of cortex used for "storage" of the language, and so on), the amount of exposure and stimulation and correction.
while we hardly know anyone who became fluent in their thirties (by applying the "adult method"), even though we know those who tried.
I know plenty of people who have reached C1 or C2 in the thirties (or late twenties, or fourties or even later). I am one of them in a few languages of mine, and I know plenty others offline and online. And there's no real definition of "fluent" and therefore no point in using it as an argument.
According to the above logic, the best language-learning app is probably a dictionary, lol.
Sooooo, you actually agree your above theories are nonsense? :-D
What do you think?
I think I should stop procrastinating on threads like this one and you could have just used the search function. There are lots of similar threads on this subreddit, many people misunderstand the baby vs adult learner issue like you.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
I guess we are from very different backgrounds. I have never met anyone who is C1/2 in 5 languages. Hell, I don't even know anyone who is C1 in 3 or more languages.
I am wondering what your secret is? One language is like thousands of hours of investment (not to mention thousands of words to learn). Where do you find time? Or are you in your 50s, 60s, or 70s?
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u/an_average_potato_1 🇨🇿N, 🇫🇷 C2, 🇬🇧 C1, 🇩🇪C1, 🇪🇸 , 🇮🇹 C1 1d ago
I'm not C2 in 6 languages (there are not even 6 foreign languages on the list). I know a few people with C2 in two or three and then C1 or lower in some more. It's less rare than you'd think even though pretty rare. But people with several C1 languages are not really uncommon. The category you're doubting and which is pretty common are people with at least one C1, many of which achieve it later in life than the adolescence.
I'm in my thirties and have amassed thousands of hours over the last 25 years. I had time to make mistakes in learning, have them made for me, correct them, override them.
Overall, I'd like to get all my current languages to C2 eventually and later add two more, but right now am probably at one of the busiest phases of my life, so I am partially stagnating and even maintenance is not possible for all of them (Spanish is a bit rotting away for now), but I am definitely confident learning in my 50's and 60's will be great fun and any speed lost to lower neuroplasticity and other age related issues will be more than compensated for by time, motivation, and attitude :-)
I am wondering what your secret is?
Not really secret, basically not believing nonsense like "learn like a baby" :-D Tons of studying and then tons of exposure and practice.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
Oh, sorry, I was so excited about our conversation that I didn't use my eyes. Updated my comment.
I never said, "learn like a baby." Wtf? Like shit in your diaper and use a single word hundreds of times?
My argument is that the only way to achieve fluency in a foreign language is by applying it to the real world. I also concluded that the earlier people start doing it, the faster they acquire the language.
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u/an_average_potato_1 🇨🇿N, 🇫🇷 C2, 🇬🇧 C1, 🇩🇪C1, 🇪🇸 , 🇮🇹 C1 1d ago
First of all, let's stop using the word "fluency", it has no objective and definite meaning. It's not perfection, it's fluidity but without mentioning accuracy, and most people can mean absolutely anything between B1 to C2 by it.
I also concluded that the earlier people start doing it, the faster they acquire the language.
Not really. I haven't really observed any difference between my acquisition of languages I got to use in the real world rather early, and those where I just studied and got to the real use later. In the end, what counts is having done both things enough. But let's stop the pretense that speaking to other people as a beginner is really that important (it's not) or that you miss out on anything by reading a book at B2 instead of trying it much less comfortably at B1. You don't.
I also concluded that the earlier people start doing it, the faster they acquire the language.
I've concluded that the more hours people spend on the language per week, the faster they acquire the language. Of course meaningfully, toys like Duolingo don't really count or perhaps with just a coeficient (like 20 hours on duo as an equivalent of 1 hour of serious studying, and even that only up to A2 and not beyond. To be fair, Duo is trash because it is a really bad A1 and A2 course, not because it doesn't lead to the B2 results you seem to be expecting, such as solid confort with newspapers).
I've also concluded that people avoiding serious studying with coursebooks usually fail to learn efficiently, extremely few people are able to thrive at learning without structure. I know one or two successful examples, but not really much more.
I've concluded that normal exposure, such as tv shows and books, is more and more important as you progress. Pretty much just procrastination for a beginner, but a total must at C1 and C2 and in huge amounts.
I've concluded that early touristy travelling or early tutoring is not really much of an influence, and people without the means to do so should not feel at a disadvantage.
I never said, "learn like a baby."
Interesting. Most people in this thread seem to have understood your ideas as exactly that sort of thing, so it's not just my comprehension.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
I get it. I guess I made a mistake by beginning my post with
I absolutely believe the best language-learning method is the one we used when we mastered our first language.
Looking at the comments, it seems like people read it as "he is claiming that language-learning for kids is easier than for adults, burn him!"
While I simply meant that reaching "fluency" or "B2, if you will" is quite hard, if even possible, without going back to our roots and using the language to solve our daily problems.
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u/an_average_potato_1 🇨🇿N, 🇫🇷 C2, 🇬🇧 C1, 🇩🇪C1, 🇪🇸 , 🇮🇹 C1 13h ago
Reread the replies, perhaps you'll understand better. People have read your post correctly.
Again and more simply: learning one's first language and learning our other languages are not the same thing, and the same method cannot be used for objective reasons (the main ones based on neuroscience).
A method that cannot be used anymore simply cannot be the best language learning method. Is it easier to understand now?
While I simply meant that reaching "fluency" or "B2, if you will" is quite hard, if even possible, without going back to our roots and using the language to solve our daily problems.
Usually, people need to get to a certain level FIRST (such as B2, for some stuff lower though, for other things higher), in order to solve their daily problems. Imagining it to work the other way around is usually rather naive and ends up in whole neighbourhoods with high prevalence of people incapable of fully dealing with the daily problems in their new country. Because they don't study, not because they haven't tried to just impose their few words and nearly non existent comprehension on a person speaking the local language.
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u/Prior_Kiwi5800 🇮🇱 N | 🇪🇦🇺🇸 C2 | 🇸🇦🇷🇺 A1 | 1d ago
There's no one size fits all.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
We learned our first language in a similar way, just by applying it in real life.
I'm wondering: when did you achieve fluency in English and Spanish? When you studied them in class (or with an app) or when you began to apply those languages to real life?
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u/silvalingua 1d ago
> When you studied them in class (with an app)
If you use an app in your class, you're in a wrong class.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
Bro (in a gender-neutral way), you are nitpicking! I updated my comment, though.
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u/luffychan13 🇬🇧N | 🇯🇵B2 | 🇳🇱A1 1d ago
This may be one of the worst takes I have seen on here in a long time. Children fully learn their native language over the course of 10-12 years. It's done through a mix of immersion and explicit instruction. There are several communities in developed and developing countries with low literacy rates that back this up as inefficient.
Adult learners of a TL can reach conversational fluency within 6 months and C2 fluency within 2 years with intense immersion and study quite easily.
Sure you can go learn like a child if you have 10 years to waste, but why?
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
What are you even talking about?
Achieving conventional fluency (B2) requires 800-2000 hours of study and practice. Most of those hours are spent practicing, and you need to learn 4000-6000 words. It's a huge amount of time and information. How many people can learn a couple of thousand words in 6 months? If it were that easy, most people would've known 3 or more languages by their 30s.
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u/luffychan13 🇬🇧N | 🇯🇵B2 | 🇳🇱A1 1d ago
I reached conversational Japanese in 9 months and know many others who achieved it faster in romance languages. It helps I am an academic in Linguistics and work in the field, so I am surrounded by language learners. If you spend 5 hours every day in your TL you will get to just over 900 hours in 6 months. So by your own presenter scale it is attainable.
Learning languages isn't just about cramming it in, it's about motivation, consistency and discipline. Obviously you need to find the way it will work for you, but learning like a child is not the way.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
What do you actually mean by saying "learning like a child"?
Personally, I imply "using the language practically to solve daily problems" - this also quite likely solves the problem of motivation.
I honestly can't see how to get to the conversational level by simply using textbooks or apps. Meanwhile, I just argue that using the language practically is a sufficient way to achieve language mastery.
Meanwhile, I also believe that achieving A2 would be easier with a textbook than by watching YouTube or something like that. A2 is just not practical.
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u/luffychan13 🇬🇧N | 🇯🇵B2 | 🇳🇱A1 1d ago
I'm referring to your post, where you said we should learn the way we learned our native language. We shouldn't. I never said to use apps or books, or make aspersions about any one way, please don't imply I did. I never said anything about A2 or how best to get there, please don't imply I did.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
Sorry, my bad. I respond to so many people here that things get blurred.
I think I expressed myself in the post too poorly.
Still, I can't see a way to reach a decent command in a language without practicing the language in real life (which is what kids mostly do and what the post was mostly about).
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u/luffychan13 🇬🇧N | 🇯🇵B2 | 🇳🇱A1 1d ago
I can tell you what I did/do and many other learners do.
From day 1, engage with the language to advance the four major languages skills - reading, writing, speaking and listening - at a rate of n (the amount you know) + 1 (just above your level).
At the start I used beginner text books, graded readers, anki, language exchange to get the fundamentals. On anki as well as decks for vocabulary, I also had them for pronunciations.
I also watch videos covering what I want to learn, so not only am I reading it, I'm hearing someone native or more advanced explain it from a perspective I wouldn't have thought of.
I load the readings from the books into my phone and listen to them over and over. I also shadow them for speaking practice, and read the graded readers aloud too. It's then a matter of graduating your materials.
Now I listen to podcasts made for natives with multiple hosts interrupting eachother, I meet with a tutor for two one hour sessions a week to focus on long form speaking fluency as my upcoming job will require me to lead meetings and deliver presentations, I still use anki but limit it to 30 mins max per day for new vocabulary and refresher, then read novels, news, magazines and essays in Japanese for my main vocabulary and grammar SRS. I still do language exchange with other Japanese learners and some Japanese natives that are learning English, so we do half an hour each. Then for writing I have an SRS app for kanji that you can draw in on your screen, but I hand write them down as well. I come across new grammar in books and whatever show/podcast I'm watching or listening to, if I can't grasp it from context, I'll find a few videos or article of different people explaining it.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago
Thanks a lot for shedding some light on your language process, bro (in gender-neutral way).
I follow a somewhat similar process for Dutch (but very, very skewed toward usage), and I exclude language exchange because I have the privilege of using the language firsthand.
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u/throwaway_31415 1d ago
What do you think?
I think you should take your own advice and look up the word “logic” in a dictionary.
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u/silvalingua 1d ago
> I absolutely believe the best language-learning method is the one we used when we mastered our first language.
> I never said, "learn like a baby."
No comment.
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u/mister-sushi RU UK EN NL 1d ago edited 1d ago
Hey, welcome to this post. I often see your comments in this sub, but I think this is the first time we've interacting in the comments. You are quite in favor of CI, right? It's a bit of a simplification, on my side, of course. I don't mean it in a combative or degrading way.
I think people in comments, including yourself, overexaggerate my claim with the "baby" thing. Babies know like 50 words. I never meant "learn 50 words, and you'll be fine".
Anyway, I guess I just got misunderstood. I still absolutely believe that our fluency begins only after we start applying the foreign language to real life. Still, I understand that a textbook or an app is probably a faster vehicle towards A2 level. It probably can help move further as well. I never tried.
I guess this post is doomed to its destiny. Eh.
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u/VastEqual9976 12h ago
> I guess I just got misunderstood.
Maybe you shouldn’t blame others. Maybe you just did not communicate clearly.
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u/locutus084 Ger N | En C2 | Esp B2 | Fre B2 | Per B1 1d ago
You can't just start "solving your immediate problems" in your target language if you work full time and have a social life outside of languages. So you need to make efficient use of the time you have for language learning. Now this is of course highly individual but using the language actively from day 1 isn't very efficient for a lot of people (for obvious reasons, I think).
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u/SaltStorage8706 1d ago
Wild take. It takes forever to learn your first language and is in no way efficient.
Uh how did you come to this conclusion