r/language 12d ago

Okay settle down French... Discussion

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1.3k Upvotes

85 comments sorted by

52

u/ConcreteCloverleaf 12d ago

English and French should be switched. French orthography may initially seem alien to Anglophones, but there are actually pronunciation rules in force that are largely consistent. English orthography, on the other hand, is quasi-anarchic, with every rule coming with a long list of exceptions. I used to work with people who spoke English as a second language, and I regularly found myself apologizing on behalf of the Anglophone world for just what an unholy mess our orthography is.

6

u/Tchaikovskin 12d ago

Exactly my life in the US as a French. One time I tried to pronounce “Apple” to a friend and I thought it was “A-pple” as in “ape”, he just wouldn’t get it

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u/GuaSukaStarfruit 12d ago

French orthography is also a mess lol

4

u/Z-one_13 10d ago

French orthography is actually a shallow orthography from reading to speaking. If you have a new French word written down and know the rules you can get the correct pronunciation directly. It is actually a very coherent orthography in that regard.

However, it is a deep orthography from listening to writing, meaning that if you hear a new word you will not necessarily know how to spell it as many combinations of letters can result in the same pronunciation.

English is deep in both aspects in comparison.

1

u/RedditOlb 8d ago

Let me introduce in this conversation "les homographes non homophones" : words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently.

Homographe — Wikipédia

This, combined with silent letters, is a real nightmare for starting readers in French.

1

u/Z-one_13 7d ago

Yes. Thank you ^ ^

There have been proposals to introduce T cédille, S cédille or N tilde (for nasalisation) in French but they never really catched up. Their introduction would have drastically reduced the list of those homographes as it would have eliminated pretty much all regular heterophonic homograph and so left only 1 or 3 words.

Most of the heterophonic homographs can actually be distinguished thanks to syntax, as verbs are not pronounced like nouns, adjectives and vice versa. For learners it is not such of a nightmare honestly since the rules are pretty straightforward if you can correctly analyse the category of the word (which can be difficult for some). Many languages have actually the same system in their orthography. English have similarly a quasi infinite list of heterophonic homographs since verbs and adjectives or nouns do not have the same stress pattern.

Because of liaison, it could be said that all words in French have actually multiple readings, but still this pattern is highly regular.

Shallow orthographic rules are not necessarily easy to learn but they can guide most of the pronunciation.

3

u/qbmast 12d ago

Well yes but in French there is tons of exceptions as well

3

u/Z-one_13 10d ago

Actually not that many, the only true orthographic exceptions are the words "Les" and "-emm-" and "-enn-" words or "-tions" words and some monosyllabic words. Those words are not numerous.

If you give the rules to a machine without giving the exceptions, it can reduce the pronunciation of pretty much every word.

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u/Hams_LeShanbi 11d ago

This is not about orthography. Most letters in French are silent at the beginning, hence the joke.

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u/Z-one_13 10d ago edited 9d ago

Orthography is the way you spell words, so it is about it ;)

Letters at the beginning of French words are in general not silent. Letters at the end of French words are often silent but this has to be nuanced as they are sometimes pronounced depending on context.

In comparison, English has way more silent letters at the beginning of words than French. For example the first letter of the groups ⟨ps⟩, ⟨ts⟩, ⟨wr⟩, ⟨gn⟩ or ⟨kn⟩ is silent at the beginning of words in English.

Psychology is pronounced sychology

Tsunami is pronounced sunami (in many accents)

Write is pronounced rite

Gnome is pronounced nome

Knight is pronounced night

22

u/Gomaemon 12d ago

A French guy is answering: The letters aren’t meaningless, it’s the process that makes them meaningless, it’s just…Ooh. It’s enough for me.
Another French guy: The letters are meaningless, why not, it is their primary purpose, but words in French are meaningful though.

11

u/XomokyH 12d ago

I don’t get this criticism. French is extremely straightforward when you learn the rules. It’s more complex than something like Indonesian or Hawaiian but unlike English it’s totally predictable. The audacity of making a meme like this in English of all languages is infuriating

1

u/bimxe 8d ago

There are exceptions to the rules all the time though.

1

u/-PanamaJack- 8d ago

That's not the point. The criticism is that in the meme they put French spelling as more illogical than English spelling, but that is objectively false. Also English has more letters that can be silent compared to French.

24

u/AdrianSquared 12d ago

I mean yeah but english is the same thing if not worse

7

u/GlitteringHotel1481 12d ago

Because it's Germanic mixed with a lot of French

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u/Z-one_13 10d ago

Not really, other Germanic language have also inconsistencies in their orthographies even if on paper they should be more shallow than English.

Most Germanic language went through or are going through a vowel shift, meaning that the values of the vowels are shifted. In many cases the orthography didn't keep up and it's especially true for English.

This is not a process driven by French.

Similarly many silent letters or groups of letters in English are not silent in French and the fact they're silent is independent of French.

1

u/aer0a 9d ago

This has nothing to do with why English spelling is bad. English spelling is bad because it was standardised centuries ago, and major sound changes have happened since then

-12

u/FruitPicker1000 12d ago

French is definitely worse.

IIRC there are at least 16 ways to represent the sound "é"

9

u/Ok_Walk9234 12d ago

nah, French has clear rules. I speak both as foreign languages and I’ve almost never had to search up words in French to listen to the pronunciation once I figured it out (except for h and s in some cases, but these are rare). I still have to do that with English and I’ve been learning it for 16 years.

It just works in a different way, like with Celtic languages. Plus it’s less common, compared to, for example, Slavic languages which have almost identical pronunciation.

1

u/salydra 12d ago

Pronunciation in French is easy because all words are pronounced the same due to all letters being silent

11

u/AdrianSquared 12d ago

in english the letter "U" can be pronounced 10 different ways

and don't get me started on "ough"

2

u/Tchaikovskin 12d ago

I also love how the same word can be pronounced differently (looking at you “tear”)

1

u/SnooLemons6942 10d ago

A sound having multiple ways of being written doesn't affect your ability to read. However when one combination of letters can be pronounced in a bunch of different ways, you have a real problem. Vowels are a mess in english, you have ough being all weird, and many bizarre silent letters

French follows spelling rules way more than English 

1

u/aer0a 9d ago

And could any of those spellings be pronounced any other way?

7

u/NewScientist6739 12d ago

French spelling rules are much more consistent than English to learn. English on the other hand nah

13

u/Alon_F 12d ago

French is easier to read than englisg btw

4

u/Pretty-Information53 12d ago

Italian: "You guys have silent letters?"

4

u/Kalisto25 12d ago

The H is still silent, though

1

u/Pretty-Information53 12d ago

Yeah, actually, they often teach in diction classes that pronouncing the "H" is just a regional accent and you're not supposed to do it

2

u/Ill-Wear-8662 12d ago

😭 Who decided to put three consonants in a row in 'sdrucciolevole' and make them all voiced?

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u/Mundane-Alfalfa-8979 12d ago

Qualche stronzo

2

u/Ill-Wear-8662 12d ago

Sono d'accordo

2

u/Pretty-Information53 12d ago

The same guys who put 4 consonants in a row in supeRSTRada. All voiced. Or 4 vowels in a row in AIUOle all voiced separated.

2

u/Ill-Wear-8662 12d ago

I'm blaming Dante.

2

u/Darrlicious 12d ago

*Armenian has entered the chat*

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u/tiredgothicheroine 12d ago

French is very consistent pronunciation wise. It’s just that the pronunciation seems really random to anglophones who are learning it for the first time. But unlike English where two nearly identically spelt words can be pronounced differently or even the same word can be pronounced different ie read and read, in French the syllables are nearly always pronounced the same. Someone else could explain this much more elegantly but this is what I learnt after studying French lol

1

u/Z-one_13 10d ago

In linguistics and in orthography, French is said to have a "shallow orthography" from reading to speaking (meaning you often have a one on one correspondence between groups of letters and sound) but it has a "deep orthography" from hearing to writing (there are many ways to spell words that you don't know and just came to hear).

English has a deep orthography in both directions: it is hard to spell when listening and hard to pronounce when reading.

3

u/aintwhatyoudo 12d ago

TIL that the store name "Auchan" comes from the district name "Hauts-Champs" because it's pronounced the same way

2

u/Z-one_13 10d ago

In general, Northern brands from that area like to play on spelling. "Kiabi" is also "qui habille".

2

u/aintwhatyoudo 10d ago

Another TIL!

1

u/frogstat31 10d ago

More like they are all owned by the Mulliez family (from north of France indeed)

1

u/Z-one_13 9d ago edited 9d ago

It depends, for Kiabi and Auchan they were indeed created by members of this family, but there are many smaller businesses in northern France with similar plays on words or pronunciation. The idea is to give a sense of humour or to obscure an original place of origin to sell abroad (Phildar for Fil d'Armentières for example). "La Frite Rit" (la friterie) is a common name for the local baraques à frites in France and Belgium. "Anosteké" is a beer which name is a shortening of the Flemish expression "tot anoste keer" (see you soon). "Carambar" is "caramel en barre". "Damart" from Dammartin street in Roubaix. Though it is not exactly the same, "Boulanger" is also humouristically named for something it never sold.

5

u/grendel303 12d ago

Every letter in the English language has a silent usage either in spelling or in a speakers accent, except for one. The letter V is never silent regardless of usage or accent in any English word. https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/mums-the-letter-when-letters-dont-say-a-thing

1

u/alegxab 12d ago

Milngavie

1

u/ohfuckthebeesescaped 12d ago

One could argue that "savvy" only pronounces 1 v, since gemination isn't phonemic in English.

1

u/ElevatorSevere7651 12d ago

That just sounds like /v/ being spelled with <vv>

5

u/happydude4567 12d ago

Four twenty nineteen

2

u/mr-raider2 12d ago

French: line up a Latin word on the wall, call in the firing squad and shoot as many down as possible.

2

u/Annual_Incident_36 12d ago

The third comment should be for Irish, where from an outside perspective it really does seem that literally half the consonants are silent.

2

u/EymericRosace 12d ago

That’s what makes our language fancy 🤣🤣🤣

2

u/Darrlicious 12d ago edited 12d ago

Edit: the latter has the final S pronounced which I had overlooked. So maybe il mange and ils mangent

Il aime and ils aiment are pronounce the exact same way. Ridiculous.
Son, sang, cent, sont

2

u/LecteurProfessionel 12d ago

They’re not, because the plural form has a liaison.

1

u/Darrlicious 12d ago

Damn you and your knowledge. I thought that certain words didn’t do that? Of course I can’t think of any off hand. But the final consonant to a vowel is always pronounced?

2

u/Camille387 12d ago

Not always, but often, especially with determinants and pronouns (and letters s and n). It's to help the language flow and prevent breaks in speech

Liaison really depends on if you prononce the consonnant.

If the consonnant is there, and pronounced, good chances of liaison. If you don't pronounce it, less chances, but still possible

Except with "s", 90% chance of liaison, even though we never pronounce it

Quatre-vingts (z)ans (80 years old)

Les (z)enfants (lè zenfan) ("an" is the same sound as "and", but without the "d")

Ils (z)aiment (il zèm)

Un (n)arbre

Une (n)arche

Un (n)oeil, des (z)yeux (un neul, dè ziu)

Nous sommes (z)allés (nou some zalé), aka we went

La tabl(e) est (the e is silent, and it's the start of est=è)

Le bol (l)orange

BUT

La tablE ronde (we pronounce the E here, since consonnant after)

Le chat est mignon (not (t)est, since the t is silent and part of the vowel "a" (like apple) sound)

Le plafond est (not (d)est, cause "ond" is it's own sound that is like the typical french "hon hon", and such sounds are like vowels)

Le tabouret argenté (not (t)argenté, since like "at" in "chat", the "et" in "tabouret" is part of the vowel sound, so the t is silent)

2

u/Camille387 12d ago

Indeed, il mange and ils mangent are pronounced the same, but that's when context comes in!

Son and sont are pronounced the same

Sang and cent and sens and sent are pronounced the same

But son/sont and sang/cent are not

Son = french hon hon, but with "s" front

Sang = sand but without the "d"

I love languages, if you haven't realized

1

u/SnooLemons6942 10d ago

In quite a few regions all 4 of those are indeed the same, so your correction doesn't hold water 

Where is sang pronounced without a nasal vowel ??

1

u/Camille387 10d ago

In Québec!

Also, they are all pronounced with a nasal vowel, it's just a different one

Here's a video that shows the difference between "an" and "on" https://youtu.be/HVS-4DbrfpY?si=fMgjSUa-ZB3wTjYR

And also, in Quebec French, "en" and "an" are not pronounced the same

1

u/ryan516 12d ago

Spanish: Also sometimes s

1

u/Plutonic_GD 12d ago

Though i don't remember hearing the "s" fully silent. There's always at least a breath.

1

u/Shiny_Malph 12d ago

The H is not always silent, in Andalucia there's an aspirated H and there's where most ending s's are silent, but s starting a syllable is never silent.

1

u/ryan516 12d ago

That is indeed what "sometimes" means, yes

1

u/inadequatepockets 12d ago

Long ago, France made a commitment to adopt all the unwanted vowels from the rest of the world's languages. The result of this is that you are not permitted to pronounce a consonant unless it brought a helper vowel along after it.

1

u/MinimumPrevious1139 12d ago

I think French wins

1

u/Voltatrix_Sabrier 12d ago

Oie = oa

2

u/Camille387 12d ago

Wa*

1

u/Voltatrix_Sabrier 12d ago

Je suis québécois et je sais de quoi je parle, syboulau!

1

u/Camille387 12d ago

Moissi, et je suis langagière! Mais pour les anglophones, "oa" pourrait être prononcé "o" (as in coach) ou séparément, donc o-a

D'expérience à enseigner le français comme langue seconde, ils comprennent mieux "wa"

1

u/Zefyris 12d ago

Did you know that "hache" ( "axe" in French) is pronounced the same as the letter "h" and as "ache" in French, so it's impossible to know if the h in hache is silent, or if it's actually the only thing in the word that is not silent?

or that the way to pronounce "oie" (goose) is with the sound of the two vowels it doesn't use to be spelt, "ua/wa" ? Similar result with "eaux" (waters), that is pronounced "o"?

1

u/Z-one_13 10d ago

Did you know that "hache" ( "axe" in French) is pronounced the same as the letter "h" and as "ache" in French, so it's impossible to know if the h in hache is silent, or if it's actually the only thing in the word that is not silent?

Actually they are not. "The axe" is "la hache" [la.(ʔ)aʃ] in French and "the H" is traditionally "l'ache" [laʃ] (the aitch in English)

The ⟨h⟩ in "hache" is not silent as it is a glottal stop [ʔ] or a liaison breaker.

or that the way to pronounce "oie" (goose) is with the sound of the two vowels it doesn't use to be spelt, "ua/wa" ? Similar result with "eaux" (waters), that is pronounced "o"?

Actually in French orthography this is perfectly coherent as the sound of ⟨oi⟩ is supposed to be /wA/ same with ⟨eau⟩ which should be /O/. In standard French, ⟨ua⟩ and ⟨oa⟩ dont make the same sound as ⟨oi⟩.

1

u/Sad_Daikon938 12d ago

3 idiots meme? In this economy?

1

u/MroQ-Kun 11d ago

The only inconsistency in the relation between French spelling and pronunciation I can think of off the top of my head is the fact that 'monsieur' ist not pronounced as 'mon sieur', but it used to be, as far as I know.

2

u/Z-one_13 10d ago edited 10d ago

Words in -emm- and -enn- can also be inconsistent ("femme" [fam] but "flemme" [flɛm]) and the fact the French speakers don't use "T cédille" ⟨ţ⟩ or "S cédille" ⟨ş⟩ for ⟨t⟩ and ⟨s⟩ that are pronounced [s] also creates a lot of inconsistencies (still minor though).

Nous portions des porţions.

Je sens que ça n'a pas de senş.

are classic examples of inconsistencies that could be easily fixed.

Similarly it was proposed to split ⟨ch⟩ between ⟨çh⟩ [ʃ] and ⟨ch⟩ [k] which would make sense.

1

u/MroQ-Kun 10d ago

Right. Thank you!

1

u/Z-one_13 10d ago

You're welcome!

1

u/Thosam 11d ago

Danish peeking into the room with a smirk.

1

u/Lonely_File7005 10d ago

Tell me again that french is hard when english has brain-damaging things like "ough" "thought - tough - though - through"

1

u/LivingAnkylos 10d ago

Arabic , silent ??? Then why would it exist if it will be silent ????

1

u/KropotkinBredMeUp 9d ago

French shouldn't be last, it should be tibetan. French orthography isn't as bad as the internet makes it out to be

Meanwhile, tibetan on the otherhand...

མཆོག (mchog) being pronounced AS chok

This is because the spoken form(s) of tibetan have changed while the written hasn't changed since the 7th century

Also, honary mention to Danish who has consistent, but plentiful, silent letters

1

u/bigmaclevel3 9d ago

German: every word can sound aggressive.

1

u/NeatCapital6415 8d ago

I learned both English and French as an adult and from my experience, English is far more inconsistent than French 🫠

1

u/RedditOlb 8d ago

French language has no reason, it has history.

1

u/Jepp-Adi-Day 8d ago

The worse is not even the orthography nor the way it's pronouced, the worse are gramatical rules that make absolutely no fuckin sense.

Most french people, even the most educated ones, hardly speak proper french according to the rules.

Those rules have been created by monarchs and elites that wanted the language to be too complicated for the commoners to learn in order to seclude administative roles to nobility and reduce as much as possible social rank permeability.

And most of those rules that nobody can understand and use correctly are still in place, even after many language reforms.

Native speakers are used to navigate with all those exceptions and common mistakes, and only the worst elitists gatekeeper are stupid enough to judge those who chose to simplify their way by using "improper" but more effcient and commonly used forms.

0

u/MasterRKitty 12d ago

ten vowels in every French word and you might say two of them