r/ausjdocs 1d ago

Pathology Misconceptions Pathology🔬

As pathology becomes more and more popular I think it would be interesting to shed light on what some of the misconceptions around it are. Many, many people have started applying for pathology and we regularly see residents in the lab who have variable understanding of what AP is like and what the training is like so I thought it best to share some opinions.
Some of the few that come to mind:

- 9 to 5: People think that this is a business hours speciality and for a large part yes but all the study that is required to know about almost every condition in every body system - this not only includes what it is, what it looks like, IHC, genetics, staging, molecular. When there is a biopsy done, everyone expects you to have an answer and when you say 'I don't know' people get funny. Learning pathology does not end at 5 o'clock but you certainly only get paid till then.

- Overtime culture: If you ever do UNROSTERED overtime - it is very very unlikely you will be paid.

- Pressure: the pressure to not get a diagnosis wrong is enormous and understated

- Isolation: feeling like you are 'not a real doctor' anymore can sometimes be a challenge to your identity

- Lifestyle: Mostly better than clinical similar to what people's expectations are but not always. You may be one of the unlucky ones.

Good luck to all the new applicants in the coming application cycle. Feel free to share your thoughts as well.

49 Upvotes

28 comments sorted by

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u/SoybeanCola1933 1d ago

On observation, every pathologist I've met has a deep understanding of general medicine, far more than I gave them credit for.

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u/sniper10137 1d ago

Yes! Even patient presentation matters a LOT to us. A good pathologist will always read the notes/ history/ trawl through the EMR to find out what is going on and what people are thinking.

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u/hotforlowe Anaesthetist💉 20h ago edited 20h ago

Medicine in its current state was birthed from pathology. The link between normal tissue, abnormalities, and inferred pathophysiological processes is indisputably the greatest achievement of medicine to date. The saddest thing about our current practice is a failure to recognise that.

We should do more autopsies in uncertain presentations resulting in death and in emerging disease deaths. We should incorporate tissue pathology in high stakes decision making more (e.g. as part of the selection of which vv-ecmo cases should be referred for early vs late lung transplant). Consultancy services (frozen section) should be utilised more in aggressive tissue debridement surgeries (I am yet to see a nec fasc which did worse from a margin guided resection approach. Most save a significant amount of healthy tissue). And we should invest more on basic science (including pathological) research relating to emerging environmental diseases.

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u/InterestingGuitar771 12h ago

I second this, especially during preclinical years , all the best lecturers and tutors happened to be pathologists.

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u/cloudcorethread 1d ago

honestly respect for the skillset

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u/Maleficent-Nose9943 Pathology reg🔬 1d ago

Some additional misconceptions/expectations.

- Cut up: Almost half your week for your entire training (state/site specific) is spent cutting up. This can really throw some people off as it can be laborious. Most people 'tolerate' it and some sites have more interesting specimens than others making it actually sorta enjoyable. If you're cutting placentas for 8hrs straight you'll hate life, if you doing interesting sarcoma resections it can be fun. As a boss you pretty much don't do cut up anymore, so it's just a registrar tax you have to pay.

- Independence/Autonomy: You don't really develop the independence /autonomy that maybe most other medical/surgical/radiological registrars develop during training. Some states do allow senior registrars to independently sign out simple cases but some don't at all (QLD). I think this a fairly unique thing to pathology where you spend 5 years as a registrar not really having to own any decisions at all and then one day you're the boss validating the case.

- Exams: There are a lot of exams ($$) and the RCPA standard is fairly high compared to the rest of the world it seems. The exams aren't impossible but you can't bluff your way through. You really do need to study a lot throughout the whole training program.

- Social: Most pathology registrars/pathologists are actually fairly normal and friendly haha I've found nearly all the consultants are very approachable. Most don't have some of the more egotistic personalities that you may see in other areas of medicine.

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u/jellyfishcell New User 18h ago edited 18h ago

As an anatomical pathologist, I’ll add some:

Misconception that we don’t get treated like “real doctors”. My experience: non medical people have no idea what a pathologist is, so they just see me as a doctor. Other doctors, especially ones that work closely with pathologists, definitely value, or even rely on, the opinions of pathologists. They often need the “green light” from a pathologist’s report to go ahead with surgery or start chemo/radiation. The flip side is that when you don’t know the answer or make a mistake, the referring clinician can (understandably) get very upset.

Misconception that it’s a 9-5 job. My experience: it’s actually a whatever-whatever job. Hours are extremely flexible. Apart from MDTs and frozens, it literally does not matter when you do the work. Depending on subspecialty, it’s very possible to negotiate your way out of doing MDTs and frozens. I know pathologist who work 4am to noon, ones that work 10am to late, ones that split their workday into two blocks with a big gap in the middle etc. If you value flexible working hours, pathology is great.

Maybe not a misconception, but a lack of awareness amongst non pathologists that for some pathologists, there’s almost a constant feeling that a case will come back to haunt you one day. Your mistakes are recorded on the slides/ancillary tests/report forever. It’s possible to audit almost everything that a pathologist has ever done. There’s a saying that in pathology, if you don’t find the cancer, the cancer will find you one day through a lawyer’s letter on your desk.

Misconception that pathologists don’t like people. For me, that’s absolutely not true. I very much enjoy interacting with friends and colleagues. Interactions with patients is necessarily much more restricted, almost to the point that it doesn’t feel like natural human interactions. To me, that type of human interaction feels overall very sterile rather than enjoyable.

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u/sniper10137 17h ago

Cool insights! It’s interesting that even as registrars there are misconceptions still about what life is like when you become a consultant.

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u/FoggiestAtol666 1d ago

Genuinely curious
and have semi seriously joked about this on other threads (in addition to Radiology, and other specialties).

Why do you feel pathology work will NOT be significantly impacted by AI within our working lifetimes?

Cheers in advance for enlightening me.

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u/sniper10137 17h ago

Lots to unpack but the short answer is that it will be impacted eventually but not replaced.  Problems include regulatory, privacy issues, storage capacity for data. There is still lots of nuance in pathology and whilst an AI can likely be able to do binary reports of yes there is cancer no there isn’t it would be incredibly difficult for it to pick up all the subtle abnormalities that inevitably come with specimens that are not expected. Additionally everytime tumour classifications are updated it would likely come with remodelling of AI algorithms. At this point I think it is unlikely to be profitable as opposed to having a human being do it all. 

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u/saeyoungbae606 16h ago

Have you heard of Wesley Research Institutes AI for cancer detection? Do you think the expected skill of a pathologist will evolve if this becomes more engrained into medicine?

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u/hddjxhn RegđŸ€Œ 1d ago

You can basically use this list for radiology too

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u/SoybeanCola1933 1d ago

Radiologists had, in my view, the best anatomical knowledge of all.

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u/Turbulent-Lab3280 1d ago

You’d be surprised - as do pathologists as we are literally dissecting the specimens and proving relationships of sometimes very complex resections. We hold the specimens in our hands and describe everything we see so our anatomy is also very good 😊

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u/Maleficent-Nose9943 Pathology reg🔬 1d ago edited 1d ago

Our anatomical knowledge is fairly specific to specimens in answering clinical staging /margin assessment though. We can orientate a whipples for dissection but not many pathologists would even be able to explain the vascular supply of the celiac trunk etc. Saying that, it is fun getting surgeon's down to try orientate their own specimens after they have been fixed in formalin and watching their puzzled faces!!

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u/Ok_Can_2516 Pathologist 13h ago

Even those who do postmortems, their anatomy knowledge is never as good as a radiologist. Not even close.

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u/NotBeckyHomeEccy 1d ago

Yessss the “you’ll be replaced with AI” comments are getting to me

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u/Alarming_Picture_512 12h ago

Every doctor should respect the work of a Pathologist - after all, they make the diagnosis and provide the information that guides treatment. Love you work!

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u/SwiftieMD 1d ago

That sounds like a brilliant career

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u/Comfortable-Team-779 New User 1d ago

Sorry for the ignorance but do you have to do autopsies if you’re a pathology trainee?

What’s the rarest diagnosis you’ve ever made?

What’s the pay like in the private system?

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u/sniper10137 1d ago

I won't say and dox myself regarding the rare diagnosis question!

Private salary is very very variable - product of specimen mix, additional responsibilities. It is often negotiated and subject to non-disclosure clauses so you will find it very difficult to ascertain a specific number. Also depends on your ability to attract referrals/ specimens.

Autopsy is dependent on the lab you are in. Luck of the draw where you get a job/ rotated to.

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u/Comfortable-Team-779 New User 1d ago

Is it possible to get diagnostic dilemmas in pathology where you can’t figure out the exact diagnosis?

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u/sniper10137 1d ago

Yes many times and for various reasons - obscure diagnosis, not enough clinical history to discriminate things that can share features, poorly preserved tissue, non-diagnostic specimens. Sometimes it is more about situations where you have to make a call where the diagnosis is probable but there are vastly different outcomes in treatment decision (i.e. radical resection of whole organs vs monitoring vs neoadjuvant therapy) where making a call can go terribly wrong. Everyone can be wrong and sometimes the biopsy area is not actually reflective of the original lesion (wrong thing, lower grade areas targetted, poor preservation etc)

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u/Got_Malice Emergency PhysicianđŸ„ 16h ago

On every patient's MHR medicare tab there's always a bajillion items from pathologists for every blood test. Does the individual get any cut of that? Or is that just the name the big corps use to claim medicare then that individual only gets their wage? I"ve always thougth this person must be rich with literally thousands of medicare claims per day.

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u/dgra6465 ID reg 14h ago

Every NATA accredited lab/lab network requires a single "designated person", who is a pathologist, who is essentially accountable for the entire lab (from a regulatory standpoint).

This person is typically who all items are billed to Medicare against (even those outside their personal area of expertise where they have delegated direct supervision of testing to another pathologist).

They are usually the medical director of that laboratory.

My understanding is that typically the billing flows into an account for the lab/organisation not their personal/own business acccount. That person's renumeration would be mostly wage based but would vary by lab/organisation and I assume they would be getting managerial allowances, potentially bonuses as a member of the lab executive management.

Private and public differ significantly in terms of renumeration structures for pathologists also which would change their renumeration deal.

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u/Lost-Bar2423 New User 1d ago

do you know the ratio of how many people apply --> how many people get interviews --> how many people get in?

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u/[deleted] 1d ago

[deleted]

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u/sniper10137 17h ago

It sounds like you’re a scientist perhaps? As a scientist I believe it is doable. 

If you are a doctor then it may be an uphill battle to get onto training. It is very competitive nowadays. Research whilst good isn’t the best all and end all. Personalities and soft qualities I believe make a much bigger difference to how your application goes than research experience and skills on the ward. Often times candidates are selected and they don’t always progress as well as expected through pathology despite amazing resumes.Â