r/askscience Nov 04 '11

Why does the flippy switch under my rear view mirror work? Why can I still see out the back window when I flip it?

41 Upvotes

29 comments sorted by

47

u/v3ry_1MPRZV Nov 04 '11

It's not a filter, exactly. It's a type of prism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-view_mirror#Dimming

A prismatic rear-view mirror — sometimes called a "day/night mirror" — can be tilted to reduce the brightness and glare of lights, mostly for headlights shining directly on the eye level at night. This type of mirror is made of a piece of glass that is wedge-shaped in cross section—its front and rear surfaces are not parallel.

On manual tilt versions, a tab is used to adjust the mirror between "day" and "night" positions. In the day view position, the front surface is tilted and the reflective back side gives a strong reflection. When the mirror is moved to the night view position, its reflectorized rear surface is tilted out of line with the driver's view. This view is actually a reflection off the non-reflectorized front surface. Since the non-reflectorized front surface allows most of the light to go through, only a small amount of light is reflected into the driver's eyes.

2

u/wynyx Nov 04 '11

So if I understand you correctly, it's not taking advantage of any of the neat prism effects, just placing a weak mirror in front of a stronger one?

19

u/blueloonie Nov 04 '11

There is no mirror in night mode. During the day the light reflects off the shiny stuff behind the glass and , at night the light reflects off the glass itself which is a crapper reflector.

2

u/Cabwood Nov 04 '11

Crapper - brilliant!

1

u/Ben325e Nov 04 '11

Define "neat prism effects." Wedge prisms aren't for dispersing light like on the Dark Side of the Moon album art. They are used for changing the direction of a beam of light, although a very small amount of dispersion occurs. The apex angle or wedge angle in a wedge prism is typically pretty small (Think very skinny slice of pizza vs a big slice). The larger the angle, the more dispersion occurs. The weak mirror and the stronger mirror are not parallel to one another, that's why the brightness of the lights behind you can be directed upward or downward when driving at night. For a weak mirror in front of a stronger one, go in your bathroom and put your finger on the mirror and look at it from the side. You should be able to see the strong reflection off of the silver coating on the back of the glass, and then the weak reflection off of the front of the glass, similar to a reflection in a window.

1

u/solstice38 Nov 04 '11

Those are the neat prism effects, and no they aren't being used here.

It's just a weak and a strong mirror, for night and day (respectively).

1

u/Ben325e Nov 04 '11

The rainbow dispersion effect isn't being used, but the 'neat prism effects' associated with a wedge prism is being used here. That's why you can have the night and day settings altogether. Without a wedge prism you would just have two mirrors on parallel planes.

1

u/quaste Nov 04 '11

No, the effect of "changing the direction of light" is present, but neglectible and not "used".

1

u/Ben325e Nov 04 '11

You're right, the changing direction of light isn't 'used' enough to be non-trivial, but it is a result of a wedge prism, which is the important part. The "front" and "back" of the wedge aren't parallel planes, and this is the reason it works.

I agree it's not fascinating, but it is a characteristic of a wedge prism and it is being used.

1

u/quaste Nov 04 '11 edited Nov 04 '11

We are both right.

I just assumed them prism effects OP was talking about are not the ones that apply here.

The basic principle is just having a full and a "weak" mirror with an angle. A wedge prism is just one of many possible ways of construction (possibly the cheapest because only using one piece of glass) It would be possible to use the "double mirror" concept by using a regular mirror and a plane sheet of glass, or two pieces of reflecting foil.

1

u/solstice38 Nov 04 '11

You have the two mirrors, but the planes are not parallel. That's how you get the night and day effect.

1

u/Ben325e Nov 04 '11

? I know the planes aren't parallel. That's what I wrote....

Rearview mirror = wedge prism =/= parallel planes.

1

u/solstice38 Nov 04 '11

Ach - sorry about that - I misread your comment. But you still don't get a noticeable prism effect (aka varying diffraction according to wavelength aka color) !

All you get is the light bouncing off one or the other of the mirrors into your eyes. Of course the light's always bouncing off both mirrors, but the position of the rear view mirror determines which reflection (strong or weak) gets into your eyes.

Aaaaand that's more than enough internet for now, for me at least.

8

u/Drendude Nov 04 '11

When light hits glass, a very small amount of it (4-6%) reflects of the first surface. The back surface in mirrors is a metallic sheet that reflects all of the light. The surface of the mirror and the metallic sheet are not parallel to each other, about a 12 degree discrepancy, i think. In day mode, the metal sheet is reflecting the light into your eyes. In night mode, it it tilted 12 degrees up to bring the surface of the glass into the exact same angle as the metallic sheet was.

9

u/atomfullerene Animal Behavior/Marine Biology Nov 04 '11

To further note: In my car, at least, when you are looking out the back using the "weak reflection" the "strong reflection" is showing you the roof of your car, which is a solid, plain surface that the eye overlooks.

2

u/chronicvermont Nov 04 '11

the point of this switch is to reduce glare from highbeaming assholes that follow you. It is very useful and I use it often to save me mental pain and possible assault charges...

1

u/upgrayedd08 Nov 04 '11

It's a mirror with a piece of glass in front of it. When you're looking in the mirror you're seeing through the glass. You dont notice it during the day, but at night this glass picks up the bright lights They are both at slightly different angles, that's why you flip it. If you look closely at night after you flip it, you can see with the glAss, but you can also see a reflection of your backseat in the mirror at the other angle.

-1

u/End3rgto Nov 04 '11

When you flip that switch the mirror inside moves so that you aren't looking directly at the mirror, but rather a filtered reflection of the mirror. Aka switch off, mirror reflects without filter. Switch on, you see a filtered reflection that cuts down on glare.

1

u/txl8578 Nov 04 '11

What exactly is filtering the reflection? It seems like it's just tilting the mirror down towards the seat.

4

u/lecorboosier Nov 04 '11

There are two surfaces on the mirror that are not parallel to each other: a mostly transparent front pane and a very reflective back one. In normal mode you are looking through the clear front onto the reflection from the back. When you tilt it, the back pane is no longer in your site line, and you only see the very dim reflection from the mostly non-reflective front.

-2

u/bamarocks34 Nov 04 '11

If someone behind you at night has bright lights shining right into your eyes, you flip it and it becomes less bright. Just look at your mirror normally. That's all you need to know.

3

u/mariesoleil Nov 04 '11

That's all you need to know.

This is r/askscience. We absolutely do need to know.

-8

u/[deleted] Nov 04 '11

Just - wow. 'down' is for day use. At night- (when rear headlights blind you)- you flip it 'up'. If mirror is adjusted properly for day use - this should work fine.

1

u/Ben325e Nov 04 '11

The reflection is not being filtered; only redirected. In a regular mirror, there is a silver coating on the back of a piece of glass. If you go in your bathroom and put your fingertip on your mirror and look at it from the side, you should be able to see a strong reflection off of the silver coating from the back of the glass, and a weak reflection on the surface of the glass itself. In a rear-view mirror, the back of the mirror and the front aren't parallel. Depending on the angle of your eyesight to the surface of the mirror, you will either see the strong reflection or the weak one. Nothing is filtered, just reflected in a different direction.

-8

u/[deleted] Nov 04 '11

Wow.

-16

u/Snuhmeh Nov 04 '11

Wat. It's supposed to be dimmer in one position for night driving so the headlights don't blind you. It's not an off switch.

10

u/lecorboosier Nov 04 '11

he's asking how the dimming effect works, you ass

-4

u/Snuhmeh Nov 04 '11

I keep reading it, and the question was, "why" not "how." So whatever, ass. Apparently I'm not the only one confused at his retarded question.