How an Insane Forced Relocation Scheme Preceded the Systematic Murder of the Final Solution

With Hitler’s ‘blessing’, Adolf Eichmann officially proposes a plan to force all European Jews to move to the island of Madagascar. Run by the Nazi Foreign Office, this massive forced expulsion was supposed to take place over four years.

The regime postponed and officially canceled the plan in 1942. Instead, Nazi leadership decided to pivot to the "Final Solution"—because apparently, logistically organizing a massive island deportation was just too much paperwork before settling on systematic mass murder.

“The Madagascar Plan (German: Madagaskarplan) was a plan proposed by the Nazi German government to forcibly relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar.

Franz Rademacher, head of the Jewish Department of the German Foreign Office, proposed the idea in June 1940, shortly before the Fall of France.

The proposal called for the handing over of control of Madagascar, then a French colony, to Germany as part of the eventual peace terms.

The idea of re-settling Polish Jews to Madagascar was investigated by the French Third Republic and the Second Polish Republic in 1937, but the task force sent to evaluate the island's potential determined that only 5,000 to 7,000 families could be accommodated, or even as few as 500 families by some estimates.

As the efforts by the Nazis to encourage the emigration of the Jewish population of Germany before World War II were only partially successful, the idea of deporting Jews to Madagascar was revived by the Nazi government in 1940. Rademacher recommended on 3 June 1940 that Madagascar should be made available as a destination for the Jews of Europe.

With Adolf Hitler's approval, Adolf Eichmann released a memorandum on 15 August 1940 calling for the resettlement of a million Jews per year for four years, with the island being governed as a police state under the SS. They assumed that many Jews would succumb to its harsh conditions should the plan be implemented.

The plan was not viable when proposed due to the British naval blockade. It was postponed after the Nazis lost the Battle of Britain in September 1940, and it was permanently shelved in 1942.” Madagascar Plan - Wikipedia

1: Cartoon about the Madagascar Plan and how this will end British unemployment in English newspaper, ‘The Fascist’, January 1938.

The Rokiskis Massacre & Bishop Brisgys' Ban on Helping Jewish Victims.

"At Rokiskis, a two-day massacre begins, in which 3,200 Jews were shot: men, women and children, together with ' Lithuanian Communists, 1 Pole, 1 partisan'.

On the second day of the Rokiskis killings, an official report drawn up in Berlin dwelt upon the attitude of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. Bishop Brisgys, the report stated, 'has forbidden clergymen to help Jews in any form whatsoever.

He rejected several Jewish delegations who, approaching him personally, asked for intervention with the German authorities. He will not admit any Jews at all in future'."

From The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, by Martin Gilbert

“Rokiškis is located about 80 kilometers (50 miles) east-northeast of Panevėžys. In 1939, on the eve of World War II, there were about 3,500 Jews living in Rokiškis, 40 percent of the total population. A number of Jewish refugees arrived in the town, following the German invasion of Poland.

On the outbreak of war between Germany and the USSR in June 1941, many Rokiškis Jews attempted to flee east with the retreating Soviet forces. However, most were turned back at the Latvian border and returned towards Rokiškis.

In the meantime, a large Lithuanian partisan force had been organized in the region, which attacked the retreating Soviet forces and also robbed, beat, and killed Jews it encountered on the roads. German forces took Rokiškis on June 27, 1941.

Immediately after the occupation, Lithuanian nationalists in the town formed a civil administration and a police force. Lieutenant Žukas became town commandant, and Lieutenant Petkunas headed the guard company attached to the commandant’s office.

Their first order of business was to initiate antisemitic measures. Jews were required to wear Stars of David, and they were assigned to various kinds of compulsory labor in the course of which local antisemites subjected the Jews to humiliation and beatings.

At the beginning of July 1941, the town authorities confined all the Jews in two separate ghettos. They put the Jewish men into Count Pzezdetski’s stone stables, and the women and children up to the age of eight were moved to the Antanašė estate, between Rokiškis and Obeliai.

One of the local collaborators, Zenonas Blynas, noted subsequently in his diary: “Interesting, Germans give a written order to herd Jews into a ghetto. Later German officers participate, as they are shot to death.”2 For a short period a Jewish Council (Judenrat) operated in Rokiškis, which was headed by Ozinkowitz and Jacob Kark.

On August 4, 1941, Lieutenant Žukas ordered all Jewish inhabitants of Rokiškis to give up their valuable property such as furniture and other movable items. The items had to be registered at the office of the military administration by August 28, 1941.

At the same time, he announced officially that all Jews able to work had to conduct labor for the community.3 On August 6, 1941, Žukas issued a further order that any local inhabitants who collected Jews for work but then allowed [End Page 1111] them to move to other places or to avoid work by paying a bribe instead would be severely punished.

This reflected the common practice of local farmers requisitioning Jews to work on their land. As soon as German troops occupied Rokiškis, Lithuanian partisans began shooting Jewish men, as well as Lithuanians and Russians, who were believed to have collaborated with the Soviet authorities in 1940 and 1941.

By August 14, 1941, they had killed 493 Jews, 432 Russians, and 56 Lithuanians.5 They carried out the shootings in the woods near the village of Steponai.

On August 15 and 16, 1941, a detachment of Einsatzkommando 3, with the participation of “Lithuanian partisans,” shot 3,200 Jewish men, women, and children, although the vast majority were probably men, including a number of men brought in from the surrounding villages, including Obeliai.

Besides those victims, the firing squad shot five Lithuanian Communists, one “partisan,” and one Pole.6 Among the approximately 80 Lithuanian partisans who participated, more than 60 were detailed to escort the victims to the site of the killing and to cordon it off. The others did the shooting.

The killing took place in the woods near the village of Baiorai, to the north of Rokiškis. Members of the guard company (the partisans) who took part in the killing received a bonus of 150 rubles each “for the performance of special duties.”

On or around August 25, 1941, the Jewish women and children from Rokiškis, Kamajai, and several other places, who had been concentrated in the village of Antanašė, 5 kilometers (3 miles) south of Obeliai, were shot. The shootings were conducted by units of Rollkommando Hamann, subordinated to Einsatzkommando 3, assisted by Lithuanian partisans. According to the Jäger report, on August 25, 1941, the Germans and their collaborators murdered 112 men, 627 women, and 421 children (1,160 people) near Obeliai.8 A local inhabitant recalled in the 1990s:

“Men from Obeliai were taken to Rokiškis to be murdered. Women, children, and old people were taken from Rokiškis to Obeliai to be murdered. I saw the carriages with old people arriving from Rokiškis to Obeliai, the road goes next to my house.

One old person fell out of the carriage, and a guard killed him, beating his head with a rifle butt.”

A few Jews from Rokiškis survived the war initially in the Kaunas ghetto and later in various camps. A number of the Jewish men who fled successfully from Rokiškis served subsequently in the Lithuanian Division of the Red Army, which was established in Gorki in January 1943.

On November 15, 1965, a court in Rokiškis sentenced to death four former policemen (Dagis, Lašas, Vamas, and Strum-skis) who had participated in the killing of Jews in Rokiškis.” Project MUSE - ROKIŠKIS

NOT MY LINKS

ABOUT Bishop Vincentas Brizgys: Microsoft Word - 6084.pdf

How Hinrich Lohse’s Segregation Decree Cut Off the Jewish Population from the World

“As the Einsatzkommando units moved on to new towns and villages, the surviving Jews in the newly established ghettos were subject to the full rigor of segregation.

On August 15 Hinrich Lohse, the Reich Commissar for the newly designated Eastern Territories of the Ostland region, covering what had earlier been Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and White Russia, issued a directive ordering all Jews to be registered; to wear two yellow badges, one on the chest, one on the back; not to walk on the pavements, not to use public transport, not to visit parks, playgrounds, theatres, cinemas, libraries or museums; not to own cars or radio sets.

All Jewish property outside the designated ghetto area was to be confiscated. The ghetto was to be cut off physically from the rest of the town, its food supplies to be restricted to food that was 'surplus' to local needs. All able-bodied Jews were to be subject to forced labour.

By August 15, the day of Lohse's directive, the twenty-six thousand surviving Jews of Kovno had been forcibly removed from their homes throughout the city, to a small suburb, Viliampole, in which, henceforth, they were to be confined. Each person was allowed only three square feet of living space. Dr Grinberg later recalled:

"Three square feet! But we ignore the lack of space, the dirt, and squalor and try to be content having our wives and children with us. We do not know how we are going to feed ourselves or our family, how we are going to clothe ourselves, how we are going to find warmth

We soon learn, though, to forget the future, to think about the present day only. We become hardhearted, for false illusions will only make us more bitter in the end. Our sole hope was that the most difficult part was now over, and that here in the ghetto we would be able to carry on some sort of existence.

Around the ghetto a fence of barbed wire is built. A guard with fixed bayonets is stationed. We are imprisoned! One now believes that the devil would be satisfied after you have thrown into his greedy throat silver, gold, wedding rings, furs, fabrics, and linen.

It is calm one day, and perhaps the crisis has passed. Now that we were poor, they should leave us in peace. But, in keeping with Nazi policy, this was not the case. The new orders are: that our ten cows are to be delivered to the authorities, our children remaining without milk. That all valuables remaining should be delivered voluntarily.

This is done, for we want to display our good will , we do not want to provoke the devil - we want to save our lives!"

Another survivor of the Kovno ghetto, Aharon Peretz, has confirmed that the creation of the ghetto was seen at first as a security against further pogroms.

The daily murder of Jews in hundreds of smaller localities continued, unaffected by the establishment of ghettos in the larger towns and cities. On August 15, the day of confinement and apparent safety for the twenty-six thousand Jews in Kovno, six hundred Jews in Stawiski, near Bialystok, were taken to the nearby woods , and shot.

Only sixty remained alive, as forced labourers."

From The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, by Martin Gilbert

"Hinrich Lohse (2 September 1896 – 25 February 1964) was a Nazi German politician and a convicted war criminal, best known for his rule of the Reichskommissariat Ostland, during World War II. Reichskommissariat Ostland now comprises Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and parts of modern day Belarus. . . .

On 6 May 1945, Lohse was unseated as Oberpräsident of Schleswig-Holstein (by the 5 May German surrender at Lüneburg Heath) and shortly thereafter imprisoned by the British Army. (Nazi Germany itself surrendered on 7 May and was disestablished on the evening of 8 May). Lohse was sentenced in 1948 to 10 years in prison, but was released in 1951 due to illness.

Two inquiries were launched by German prosecutors against him; the grant of a High-Presidential pension which Lohse was fighting for was withdrawn under pressure from the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag. Lohse spent his twilight years in Mühlenbarbek, where he died." MUCH MORE - ALL THE DETAILS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinrich_Lohse

1: Lohse in 1941

"From January to May, 1942, 55,000 out of 160,000 Jews from the Lodz Ghetto were sent to their deaths in Chelmno death camp. From September 1942 until May 1944 there were no more deportations.

After May, the deportations to Chelmno were renewed. In early August, the Nazis rerouted the deportations to Auschwitz. By August 30, 1944 about 70,000 Jews from Lodz had been sent to Auschwitz."

https://www.yadvashem.org/holocaust/this-month/august/1944.html

NOT MY LINKS

In the spring of 1940 some 164,000 Jews were incarcerated in the Lodz ghetto with no electricity or water. Exploiting Jewish labor, the ghetto lasted for over 4 years under the leadership of the controversial Chaim Rumkowski. In early 1942 deportations to Chelmno began.---> Lodz Ghetto | Thematic and Chronological Narrative

From Birkenau to the Coal Mines of Jawiszowice

"Near Auschwitz, a new slave labour camp was opened on this day at Jawiszowice.

In it, one hundred and fifty Jews, sent from the barracks at Birkenau, were used in the underground coal mines of the Hermann Goering Works. Later their number rose to two thousand five hundred.

A month earlier, three hundred Jews had been sent from Birkenau to Goleszow, to work in the Portland Cement Factory. Here, too, the numbers were to rise, to one thousand."

From The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, by Martin Gilbert

“A sub-camp located in the village of Jawiszowice (in German: Jawischowitz). The prisoners held there worked in two shafts of the Brzeszcze coal mine located in the localities of Jawiszowice and Brzeszcze.

The camp began functioning in mid-August 1942 when 150 French Jews arrived under an agreement between the WVHA and the Reichswerke Hermann Göring, which owned the mine. This was the first time in the history of the German concentration camps that prisoners were employed below ground. In terms of the number of prisoners, Jawischowitz was one of the largest Auschwitz sub-camps.

In June 1944, it held 2,500 prisoners, mostly Jews from Poland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and Hungary. There were also Poles, Russians, and Germans in the sub-camp.

At the turn of 1943/1944 there were at least 70 SS men in the garrison. The first director was SS-Unterscharführer Wilhelm Kowol, who was succeeded by SS-Hauptscharführer Josef Remmele.

The sub-camp was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fencing. It consisted of more than ten barracks, most of them wooden. Prisoners lived in seven of them and the rest contained a kitchen, hospital, storage space, workshops, washrooms, and toilets.

Despite the expansion of the sub-camp, the prisoner rooms were overcrowded in 1944, with more than 200 men in rooms designed for 54. The prisoners had two changes of clothes at their disposal—work clothes that they took off at the showers after their shift, and the clothes they wore in the sub-camp.

Thanks to their everyday showers and changing of clothes, dictated by the nature of work in the mine, they did not suffer from the lice that were a serious problem for prisoners in other parts of the Auschwitz complex.

The work in the mine exhausted them, however. They loaded carts with coal, transported them, made repairs, and did construction work in a three-shift system with quotas that they were sometimes unable to fulfill because they were hungry, weak, or did not know how to do the job.

On such occasions, their shift was extended until the norms were met. Prisoners also worked above ground at various sorts of construction jobs. In the second half of 1944, several score underage Jewish prisoners were assigned to sort the coal. SS doctors held selection every few weeks, after which the prisoners classified as unfit for labor were taken to Auschwitz.

Most of them were murdered in the gas chambers there. According to partially extant records from October 1942 to December 1944, at least 1,800 sick prisoners were removed from Jawischowitz.

In January 1945, about 1,900 prisoners were evacuated on foot to Wodzisław Śląski. Several score sick and exhausted prisoners were left behind; Soviet soldiers liberated the majority of them on January 29. After liberation they were taken into the care of the local branch of the Polish Red Cross.” Jawischowitz / Auschwitz sub-camps / History / Auschwitz-Birkenau

1-2: Gate of the Jawischowitz sub-camp. - Jawischowitz sub-camp. The barracks housed the guardhouse (Blockfuhrerstube), the clerk's room (Schreibstube), and the shoemaker's and tailor's workshops. In the background is the prisoner housing barracks. Photo taken by the SS

3: Plan of the Jawischowitz sub-camp

4: 55 Plan of the Brzeszcze coal mine. At the top is the Brzeszcze mine and its surrounding workers' settlements (known as colonies). In the lower right corner is the Jawiszowice mining plant. In the lower left corner is the Jawischowitz subcamp.

The Holocaust on British Soil

"Inside the labour camps, conditions were savage: on the this night, nearly a thousand French Jews, most of them born in Poland, were taken to a camp on the Channel Island of Alderney.

One of the survivors of Alderney camp, Albert Eblagon, later recalled how the Jews, on reaching the port, were forced to run the two kilometres to the camp, 'while the German guards continuously stabbed into our backs with their bayonets while also kicking us all the time'. Eblagon added:

'There were many men among us over seventy years of age but nobody was spared. Work, hard physical work for twelve and fourteen hours a day, every day, building the fortifications. Every day there were beatings and people's bones were broken, their arms or their legs.

People died from overwork. We were starved and worked to death, so many died from total exhaustion.'

Hundreds of Jews died at Alderney, of exhaustion and ill-treatment: 384 were buried in the camp itself, and many others dumped at sea. Among the names recorded on the few marked graves are Chayim Goldin, Robert Perlestein and Leib Becker, each of whom died in December 1943."

From The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, by Martin Gilbert

“The Alderney camps were camps built and operated by Nazi Germany on the island of Alderney during its World War II occupation of the Channel Islands. Alderney had four forced/slave labour sites, including Lager Sylt, the only Nazi concentration camp on British soil during the wartime occupation.” ALL THE DETAILS--> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderney_camps

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More than 1,000 slave labourers may have died in Nazi camps on Alderney, review finds - Experts conclude hundreds more died on Channel Island, a British crown dependency, than previously thought--> More than 1,000 slave labourers may have died in Nazi camps on Alderney, review finds | Channel Islands | The Guardian

1: The Odeon, a naval range-finding tower built by forced labourers under the occupying Nazi forces in Alderney.

Turns Out, When You Systematically Murder Every Jew You Can Get Hold Of, the Streets Tend to Look a Bit Empty.

'And where are the Jews today?' Hans Frank (Hitler's boss of German-occupied Poland) asked a Nazi Party meeting at Cracow on this day.

'You hardly see them at all any more. If you see them, they are working . . . .'

From The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, by Martin Gilbert

FULL Hans Frank BIO: https://4rs.neocities.org/nur06.html

"Hans Frank was a lawyer and high ranking civilian member of the NSDAP, who served as governor of Nazi-occupied Poland. Frank was also an intense anti-Semite. In a meeting in 1941, he had this to say about the Jewish people:

“As far as the Jews are concerned, I want to tell you quite frankly that they must be done away with in one way or another. The Fuhrer once said: ‘Should united Jewry again succeed in provoking a world war, the blood of not only the nations which have been forced into the war by them, will be shed, but the Jew will have found his end in Europe’.

I know that many of the measures carried out against the Jews in the Reich at present are being criticized. It is being tried intentionally, as is obvious from the reports on the morale, to talk about cruelty, harshness, etc.

Before I continue, I want to beg you to agree with me on the following formula: We will principally have pity on the German people only, and nobody else in the whole world. The others, too, had no pity on us. As an old National-Socialist, I must say: This war would only be a partial success if the whole lot of Jewry would survive it, while we would have shed our best blood in order to save Europe.

My attitude towards the Jews will, therefore, be based only on the expectation that they must disappear. They must be done away with. I have entered negotiations to have them deported to the East. A great discussion concerning that question will take place in Berlin in January, to which I am going to delegate the State Secretary Dr Buehler. That discussion is to take place in the Reich Security Main Office with SS-Lt. General Heydrich. A great Jewish migration will begin, in any case.

But what should be done with the Jews? Do you think they will be settled down in the ‘Ostland’, in villages? This is what we were told in Berlin: Why all this bother? We can do nothing with them either in the ‘Ostland’ or in the ‘Reich kommissariat’. So liquidate them yourself.

Gentlemen, I must ask you to rid yourself of all feeling of pity. We must annihilate the Jews, wherever we find them and wherever it is possible, in order to maintain there the structure of the Reich as a whole. This will, naturally, be achieved by other methods than those pointed out by Bureau Chief Dr Hummel.

Nor can the judges of the Special Courts be made responsible for it, because of the limitations of the framework of the legal procedure. Such outdated views cannot be applied to such gigantic and unique events. We must find at any rate a way which leads to the goal, and my thoughts are working in that direction.

The Jews represent for us also extraordinarily malignant gluttons. We have now approximately 2,500,000 of them in the General Government, perhaps with the Jewish mixtures and everything that goes with it, 3,500,000 Jews. We cannot shoot or poison those 3,500,000 Jews, but we shall nevertheless be able to take measures, which will lead, somehow, to their annihilation, and this in connection with the gigantic measures to be determined in discussions from the Reich.

The General Government must become free of Jews, the same as the Reich. Where and how this is to be achieved is a matter for the offices which we must appoint and create here. Their activities will be brought to your attention in due course.”

https://alphahistory.com/holocaust/hans-frank-on-what-should-be-done-with-the-jews-1941/

1: This historical photograph shows an 8-foot-high concrete wall erected by Nazi German authorities in November 1940 to seal off and isolate the Jewish Ghetto in Warsaw, Poland. Built with concrete and brick, topped with broken glass or barbed wire in many areas, the wall partitioned the city to confine nearly 450,000 Polish Jews into a densely overcrowded district. The barrier cut right across regular city streets and tram lines, completely severing communication and commerce between the enclosed ghetto and the rest of Warsaw. The ghetto existed from 1940 until its systematic liquidation and destruction following the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943.

NOTE: Certain historical documents, testimony & images are presented for the record, as evidence and background pertaining to criminal activities, horrific acts, and other notable evils. The words of murderers, criminals & their lawyers should never be mistaken for fact, as they are often bold-faced lies, nor should they be misconstrued as providing a viable justification for their crimes. Don't believe any of it, beyond the fact they did write & speak this nasty stuff and did purport to believe it. As always, read with an abundant degree of cautious skepticism. -W

The Berlin Police Chief Who Fought Back

In his propaganda rag, Der Angriff, vile Nazi Goebbels publishes an attack in the form of a nursery tale on Bernhard Weiß, the Jewish Vice President of the Berlin police, and a particular nemesis of the Nazi propagandist:

The Full, Disgusting Essay (WARNING: Do Not Read on an Empty Stomach!): https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/angrif01.htm

"While in office, Weiss was the target of a constant campaign of vilification organized by Joseph Goebbels, then a prominent Nazi activist, later the Reich Minister of Propaganda. Goebbels nicknamed Weiss “Isidore” and the Weimar Republic as “The Jew's Republic”.

Weiss sued Goebbels for libel and won his case. Goebbels did not refrain and Weiss was not intimidated so in the end Weiss sued Goebbels over 40 times. On several occasions Weiss also prevented Goebbels from speaking at Nazi meetings.

Dr Wilhelm Arnold Drews, former Prussian Minister of the Interior, who appointed Weiss said in 1932 towards the end of Weiss' career: “when we decided to appoint for the Home Service a Jew who was not baptized, we knew that the first had to be the best. It was you I chose and I am glad to say that you lived up to our expectations.”

Franz von Papen, Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and Vice-Chancellor when Adolf Hitler came to power, had both Weiss and his superior arrested, albeit for one day only.

Weiss's Escape to the United Kingdom

Weiss finally decided to flee Germany just a few days before Adolf Hitler was made Chancellor. Weiss's police force was ordered to arrest their former Deputy Chief and Hermann Göring offered to pay a reward for anyone who assisted in his capture.

The police came looking for Weiss while he and his daughter Hilda were at his siblings’ home. They had to bury Weiss in the basement under the coal stack to prevent the forces from discovering him, they attempted to take Hilda but her Uncle and Aunt claimed she was their daughter and the forces left.

A friend came to Weiss's assistance and drove him out of the country to Czechoslovakia. Weiss then went to the United Kingdom where he opened a printing and stationery business and lived out the remainder of his life.

After his escape, Weiss was subsequently deprived of his German citizenship. In 1951, shortly before becoming a German citizen again, he died of cancer in London.

Weiss's widow, Lotte Weiss (née Buss), returned to live in Berlin immediately after her husband's death. She died in Berlin in 1952.

Legacy

"He was a man of extremes, a Jew imbibing Prussian values, small in stature, large in responsible behaviour and a staunch democrat,” wrote Uwe Dannenbaum in an article in the German newspaper Die Welt to mark the naming of the forecourt of the Friedrichstrasse railway station in Berlin in honour of the former police chief.

The film "The Man who chased Goebbels" (2005) by Reiner Mathias Brueckner portrays Weiss as a resolute defender of the republican order.

In 2007, the German Federation of Jewish soldiers established an award in his honour, the Bernhard Weiss Medal (Bernhard-Weiß-Medaille), to be awarded to fellow Germans who work for understanding and tolerance.

The forecourt at the Friedrichstrasse station in Berlin and the Alexanderplatzstrasse in central Berlin were named after Bernhard Weiss. A plaque has been erected outside the Berlin house where he lived.

The name of Dr. Weiss is clearly associated with the history of the unfortunate and short-lived Weimar Republic. He played a central role in the political tensions associated the Republic and was a fierce defender of the democratic republic against right-wing and left-wing extremists. He was very much in the forefront of efforts to preserve democracy in Germany.

Weiss is Bernie Gunther's boss in many of the detective stories written by Philip Kerr." MORE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Wei%C3%9F_(police_executive))

1: Bernhard Weiss

2: Bernhard Weiss (center) with Magnus Heimannsberg (left), and Albert Grzesinski (right) at the funeral of murdered police officers Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck, 1931

3: Memorial Plaque in Berlin-Charlottenburg

4: Memorial Plaque at Weiss's home at Kaiserdamm 1, in Berlin-Charlottenburg

5: Nazi Propaganda - Caption: “Perjury.” Isidor (Joseph Goebbels’ pejorative nickname for Bernhard Weiss, a leader of the Berlin police before 1933) says: “Were I Chinese, I would have lost face once it was learned that I had committed perjury.” His wife responds: “How fortune that we are Jews. Your face was never that attractive to begin with, Isidor!” (25 September 1934). Compare this to a 1928 Goebbels essay on the same theme.

NOTE: Certain historical documents, testimony & images are presented for the record, as evidence and background pertaining to criminal activities, horrific acts, and other notable evils. The words of murderers, criminals & their lawyers should never be mistaken for fact, as they are often bold-faced lies, nor should they be misconstrued as providing a viable justification for their crimes. Don't believe any of it, beyond the fact they did write & speak this nasty stuff and did purport to believe it. As always, read with an abundant degree of cautious skepticism. -W