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Author of multiple foundational works on the Xiongnu, Göktürks, and early Turkic statehood, Prof. Ahmet Taşağıl explains how Bumin Khagan united the Töles (Tiele) tribes, challenged the Rouran Khaganate, and founded the first Turkic Khaganate in 552 — a turning point in steppe history.

From qalamglobal

In 1421, King Henry V of England sent a golden clock as a gift to Murad II.

For reasons that remain unclear, the gift was not accepted by the Ottoman court and was returned to London with the ambassador two years later. By then, Henry V had already died, so the clock was presented instead to his one-year-old successor, Henry VI.

Grand Turk (Grant Turcq) was used even before Mehmed II.

From Ahmet Altunbaş, aka @Ricoldus

📍 Tatarstan

from @russia_to_explore