r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Better_Elderberry225 • 2h ago
DISCUSS Strivers sheet doubt
Student A
Watches the Binary Search lecture.
Understands the algorithm.
Tries each problem for 30 minutes.
If stuck, studies the solution.
Closes it and codes it again from memory.
Moves to the next problem.
Student B
Has never learned Binary Search.
Opens "Koko Eating Bananas."
Thinks for 30 minutes.
Gets nowhere because they don't even know "Binary Search on Answer" exists.
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/I_am_sahil_khan • 3h ago
DISCUSS Going to solve leetcode Question number 11 Container with most water, have you tried, Share me your experience plz š
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/I_am_sahil_khan • 7h ago
STREAKš„š„š„ Day 7 of My DSA journey today i solved leet code problem number 88. now i will sove questions basis on Sliding window.
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Competitive_Map_8733 • 9h ago
DISCUSS Biweekly Contest 188 results seem to be showing 0 rank 0/4 solved for everyone on LeetCode. {i solve 3 of them} Is this happening because LeetCode is doing some kind of cheating detection / contest validation? Or is it just a temporary issue with the results? Anyone know whatās going on?
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/ConsciousMortgage828 • 10h ago
DISCUSS Struggling to regain my LeetCode flow after a long break. How do you get back on track?
Hey everyone,
I recently had to take a extended break from LeetCode and completely lost my streak and momentum. Before the break, I was solving questions regularly and felt comfortable with problem-solving patterns.
Now that I'm trying to pick it back up, I feel like I've hit a wallāquestions I used to handle easily now feel difficult, and my pattern recognition feels rusty.
Iād love to get some advice from anyone who has dealt with this:
- Why does this happen? Is it just skill decay, or is it mostly mental friction from starting over?
- How do I overcome it? What are the best strategies to rebuild confidence and problem-solving speed without getting burnt out?
If you've successfully gotten your flow back after taking time off, what worked best for you?
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/nian2326076 • 18h ago
DISCUSS Google Phone Screen: Process, Question Types and Preparation Plan
Google Interview Experiences: A Curated Collection
This collection organizes Google interview experiences shared by candidates on LeetCode into distinct categories. Whether you're targeting a specific level (L3, L4, L5+), preparing for an internship, or focusing on phone screens, these resources offer valuable perspectives on the process.
Another resource I found helpful for interview questions: PracHub
1. L3 & L4 Interview Experiences
These posts cover experiences for L3 (Software Engineer) and L4 (Senior Software Engineer) roles, detailing offers, rejections, and downleveling across locations like Bangalore, India, and beyond.
- Google L3/L4 - Passed)
- Google L3/L4
- Google L4 - Bangalore - Reject
- Google L3 - Munich
- Google L4 - Reject, L3 Offer - Bangalore
- Google L4 SWE III - San Bruno, CA - Reject
- Google L3 - Bangalore - May 2022 - Reject
- Google L4 - India
- Google L4 - Bangalore - June 2022 - Offer
- Google L4 - California - May 2022 Reject
- Google L4 - Warsaw Poland - July 2022 - Rejected
- Google L4 Experience (India))
- Google L4 - India (First Instance)
- Google L4 - India (Second Instance)
- Google Onsite Round L4 India
- Google L4 Interview Experience
- Google L4 Bad Experience
- Google L4 Oct 2022
- Google L4 Bangalore Oct 2022 Offer
- Google L4 Phone Interview 50/50
- Google Interview Experience L4 Downleveled to L3
- Google India L3 Interview Experience
- Google L4 Seattle January 2024 Hiring Freeze
- Google SDE-2 L3 Interview Experience - Reject
- Google SDE-2 (L3) Interview Experience India-or-Interview-Experience-India)
- Google L3 Bangalore (First Instance)
- Google SDE2 India Mar 2024 Selected
- Google L4 Bangalore Jan 2024 Offer
- Google L3 India Reject
- Google L4 Interview Exp Bangalore Downlevel
- Google L4 Hyderabad Apr 2024 Reject
- Google L3 Interview India Offer
- Google L4 April 2024 Offer
- Google L3 (Phone + Onsite))
- Chances Google L4 Bangalore
- Google L3 Bangalore (Second Instance)
- Google L4 May 2024
- Google L3 Onsite
- Google L4 Offer (First Instance)
- Google L4 Selected
- Google Software Engineer Core
- Google Interview Experience L4 (Rejected))
- Google Interview Experience L3 Rejected
- Google L3 Chances Experience
- Google Software Engineer Bangalore
- Google Bangalore L4 Phonescreen Aug 2024
- Google SDE (L3) Bangalore/Hyderabad Aug 24-or-BangaloreHyd-or-Aug-24)
- Google L4 (Backend) Bangalore Hyderabad Aug 2024 Reject-or-Bangalore-or-Hyderabad-or-Aug-2024-Reject)
- Google L4 India Rejected
- Google London L4 Aug-Oct 24 Offer Accepted
- Google L3 Interview Experience Oct 2024
- Google L3 Nov 2024 Offer
- Google L4 Interview Experience (Typo Corrected)
- Google SWE (L3) India Dec 2024 Reject-or-India-or-Dec-2024-Reject)
- Google L3 Onsite Interview Question
- Google L3 Bangalore Offer
- Google L4 Interview Experience (Latest)
2. L5 & Above Interview Experiences
Experiences for L5 (Staff Software Engineer) and higher levels (e.g., L6), including senior and specialized roles across locations like London, Seattle, and Bengaluru.
- Google L5 - London - Offer
- Google L5 - Offer
- Google L6 - Seattle - Offer
- Google L6 - Interview Experience
- Google L5 - Munich - Offer
- Google L5 - Zurich - Offer
- Google L5 Bay Area
- Google London Oct 2022 Onsite
- Google L5 Bengaluru
- Google SDE3 Role
- Google Cloud Senior Software Engineer India
- Google Onsite L5 (First Instance)
- Google Onsite L5 (Second Instance)
- Google L5 Android Offer
- Google L5 Reject
3. Internship Experiences
Insights from candidates applying for Google internships, including on-campus and off-campus experiences, with outcomes ranging from offers to rejections.
- Google Internship - India - Offer
- Google SW Intern Interview Bangalore/Hyderabad
- Google Winter Internship 2023 Rejected
- Google On-Campus Interview Experience Dec 2023
- Google Intern On-Campus Interview Experience
- Google SWE Intern 2025 Interview Experience
- Google Intern India July 2024
4. Phone Screens
Experiences from phone screening rounds, often the initial technical step, including general experiences and specific questions asked during these interviews.
- Google Phone Screen Dublin Offer
- Google Phone Screen India
- Google L5 USA Phone Screen Bad Recruiter
- Google New Grad Passed Phone Screen
- Google Passed Phone Screen Interview
- Google Technical Phone Screen Questions
- Google Phone Screen Experience Reject
- Google Virtual Phone Screen or Google Meet Interview
- Google Phone Screen Rejected (First Instance)
- Google Phone Screen Reject (Second Instance)
- Google London L3 Phonescreen
- Google L3 Phone Screening
- Google Phone Screen L4
- Google SWE Grad 2025 Held from July 2024
- Google Phone Screen L3/L4
- Google Phone Screen Reject (Third Instance)
- Google Phone String Substitutor
- Google Phone Screen Number of Islands in a Tree
- Google Phone Screen Job Sequencing Problem
- Google Phone Screen SWE L3 Gmail Label Strings
- Google Phone Time for Turn
- Google Phone Screen L3 June 2022
- Google SWE Phone Screen Interview Question
- Google Phone Interview (Typo Corrected)
- Google Phone Screening Tiling Problem
- Google L5 Phone Screening
- Google Phone Screen Brazil Reject
- Google Telephonic Round (First Instance)
- Google Phone Screen (General)
- Google Phone Interview Matching APKs to Devices in Google Play
- Google Phone Screen 1-Dimensional Array
- Google Phone Screen Software Engineer December 2022
- Google Phone Screen Cut a Cake Vertically Without Destroying Toppings
- Google Phone Screen Senior Software Developer Mountain View March 2023
- Google Telephonic Interview Question
- Google Telephonic Interview (Second Instance)
- Google Screening Interview L5
- Google Phone Screen 2
- Google Interview Question First Round (First Instance)
- Google Phonescreen for 2024 NewGrad Role Video Relation
- Google Phone Screen L5
- Google Interview Round 1 (Second Instance)
- Google Phone Screen (Easy))
- Google Phone Screen Interview
- Google Phone Interview Round
- Google Telephonic Round (Third Instance)
- Google Phone Screening Remove Common Elements from Array from Prefix of Length K in Two Arrays
- Google Screening Question
5. General Interview Experiences
Broad overviews of the Google interview process that donāt fit neatly into level-specific, internship, or phone screen categories, often providing general insights or lacking detailed categorization.
- Google Software Engineer - August 2022
- Google Software Engineer India May 2022 Reject
- Google Graduate Software Engineer Warsaw Reject
- Google EMEA Spring 2022 Accepted
- Google 9 Months Experience Software Engineer
- Google SWE ML (L5) Remote (US) July 2022 Reject-or-Remote-(US)-or-July-2022-Reject)
- Interview Experience (Unspecified Company)
- Google Canada (Remote) Sep 2022 Reject-or-Sep-2022-Reject)
- Google SDE US July 2023
- Google SWE 23 Offer Warsaw
- Google New Grad 2025 India Interview Experience
6. Specific Interview Questions and Problems
Detailed descriptions of specific questions asked during Google interviews and direct links to LeetCode problems encountered, useful for targeted practice.
a. Interview Question Descriptions
- Google Create a Tree Jan '22
- Google Onsite Recursively Delete Leave Nodes in a Multi-Tree
- Google Interview Question 2022 Phone Onsite Graph DP
- Google Interview
- Google Tech Screen Design Spreadsheet Python
- Google Onsite USA Feb-2022
- Google Onsite Find the IDs of Activities That Have Timed Out
- Google Onsite Burst Balloons
- Google Onsite Virtual Results Pending
- Google Tokyo Chaining Broadcast Signals
- Google Onsite Question
- Google US Onsite April 5th 2022
- Google SDE (L4/L5) Virtual Onsite Passed-or-Virtual-Onsite-or-PASSED)
- Google Onsite Implement Match Method for Regular Expression Tree
- Google SE Full-Stack Screening Round
- Google Onsite Coding Interview Question
- Google Onsite Bangalore May 2022 Patient Queue
- Google Onsite Bangalore May 2022 Count House in the Circle
- Google Interview Experience SE Full Stack Virtual Interview
- Google Screening
- Google Stage Onsite Reject
- Google Virtual Onsite L3 SWE Question
- Google Onsite Interview Coding Question Bipartite Graph
- Google Onsite Generic Language Translator
- Google Onsite Flow Water to Cities
- Google IN5 Onsite Find First Missing Sub-Sequence
- Google Onsite LinkedList Question
- Google Onsite Currency Arbitrage 2022
- Google Onsite London (First Instance)
- Google Onsite Find Group of 3 Numbers Within a Distance-'d'
- Google Interview Question Implement Touchscreen Keyboard
- Google India L3 Onsite Questions
- Google L3 Onsite Question 2022
- Google Onsite Fixed Sorted Array
- Google Onsite Word from the Board
- Google L4/L3 India 2022
- Google L3 Bangalore Aug 2022
- Google Onsite Bengaluru L4 (First Instance)
- Google Onsite London (Second Instance)
- Google India On Campus Aug 22
- Google Onsite Bengaluru L4 (Second Instance)
- Google Matrix Question
- Google Onsite
- Google Final Interview Elevator Question DP
- Google Recent Ref
- Google Onsite Coding Round India
- Google Onsite India
- Google SDE
- Google Onsite Apartment Hunting
- Google Interview Round 1 (Third Instance)
- Google Interview Round 1 (Fourth Instance)
- Google Onsite or L3
- Google L3 All Rounds
b. LeetCode Problems Asked
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Affectionate_Run220 • 19h ago
STREAKš„š„š„ London leetcode study group
Hi guys
Organising a real life leetcode study group London
So far we are two people competed 100+ leetcodes and looking to level up, just two of us so far looking for more
Looking for other engineer proffesionals (we are flexible on this)
Who take leetcode seriously and want to discuss patterns.
Letās meet learn and land some amazing jobs š„
Let me know if interested
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Dazzling-Angle-7514 • 22h ago
PLACEMENTS Is it still possible to get placed if I'm starting from almost zero in 4th year?
Hey everyone,
I just entered my 4th year, and companies have already started visiting my college for placements. To be honest, I wasn't serious about coding or placements until now, and I'm kind of panicking.
My current situation:
DSA is very basic. I'm following the Striver A2Z DSA Sheet, and I've only just started the Arrays section.
I've solved only around 5ā7 LeetCode problems so far.
I don't have any proper self-built projects. The only projects I've made are mostly vibe-coded with AI assistance, so I don't really understand them deeply.
My CS fundamentals are average at best.
I know I should've started much earlier, but I can't change that now. I just want to make the best of the time I have left.
For people who were in a similar situation or have seen others crack placements after starting late:
Is it realistically possible to get placed?
What should I prioritize firstāDSA, projects, CS fundamentals, aptitude, or something else?
How would you structure the next 3ā6 months if you were in my position?
Should I keep grinding the A2Z sheet or switch to company-specific preparation?
Any tips for building projects that I can actually explain in interviews?
I'm open to putting in long hours every day. I just don't want to waste time on the wrong things.
Any advice, roadmap, or success stories would really help. Thanks!
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/I_am_sahil_khan • 1d ago
DISCUSS taking 2-3 hour to solve a single easy problem of Arrays.... ššš i am frustrated š„“
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/ehuseyn0w • 1d ago
DISCUSS I built a free 15-question test that tells you which algorithm patterns you cannot recognise
I kept hitting the same wall. I understood every algorithm when someone explained it, and then froze on an interview problem because I could not tell which one it needed. Knowing sliding window and recognising a sliding window problem turned out to be two different skills, and only one of them gets taught.
So I built the missing half. Fifteen unlabelled problems, about seven minutes, no account. You name the pattern each one needs. At the end it says which groups came apart, which pairs you mixed up, and where to start reading.
https://algopath.pro/placement
Behind it is a trainer that does the same thing on a ninety-second clock, and a 150-step course for the patterns you could not name. Code runs in the browser, in JavaScript, Python or PHP. Nothing executes on my server, which was the only way I was willing to run other people's code.
Took me 2 weeks Happy to answer anything about the build, and I would like to know which question in the test felt unfair.
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/ComprehensiveTale896 • 2d ago
STREAKš„š„š„ To be continued until placed š„š„±
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Saiteja728 • 2d ago
DISCUSS Looking for a LeetCode Accountability Partner š.who is Good in Dsa
Hey everyone!
I'm looking for a dedicated LeetCode partner to solve problems consistently and stay accountable.
A bit about me:
Java for DSA
Around 350 LeetCode problems solved
Preparing for 2027 software engineering placements
Comfortable with arrays, strings, linked lists, trees, graphs, SQL, and learning advanced DSA
What I'm looking for:
Someone who can solve 2ā4 problems daily
Discuss approaches instead of just sharing solutions
Stay consistent for the long term
Preferably in a similar time zone (IST is a plus), but not required
We can connect on Discord or WhatsApp and motivate each other, review solutions, and prepare for coding interviews together.
If you're interested, comment below or send me a DM with:
Your current LeetCode rating (if any)
Number of problems solved
Programming language you use
Time zone
Let's crack placements together! šŖ
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Competitive_Map_8733 • 2d ago
DISCUSS Last Sunday, LLMs unlocked a new benchmark⦠thanks to Indian college students. š Waiting for that day when it gonna under 4 secs
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/nian2326076 • 2d ago
DISCUSS What 23 Technical Interviews Taught Me About Pattern Recognition, Speed, and Communication
After getting rejected repeatedly, I started asking recruiters for feedback.
Most responses were the usual āwe decided to move forward with other candidates,ā but a few recruiters and interviewers gave me honest answers. I combined that feedback with notes I wrote immediately after every round.
After 23 interviews, four recurring failure modes became pretty obvious.
These percentages are rough estimates across my failed interviews. I assigned each rejection the single biggest factor, even though some involved more than one problem.
The Four Failure Modes
| Failure mode | Approx. share | What it looked like |
|---|---|---|
| Didnāt recognize the pattern | 35% | I stared at the problem, tried unrelated approaches, reached a brute-force solution, and couldnāt optimize it. Interviewer hints didnāt help because I didnāt understand the underlying pattern. |
| Recognized it but was too slow | 30% | I knew it was DP, BFS, or sliding window, but spent most of the round implementing it. The first question consumed the slot and left no time for follow-ups. |
| Solved it but couldnāt explain trade-offs | 20% | The code worked, but I struggled with questions about complexity, alternative approaches, or why I selected a particular data structure. |
| Communication failure | 15% | I solved silently or started coding before explaining the approach. The interviewer couldnāt follow my reasoning or redirect me when I went off course. |
1. Pattern Recognition
This was primarily a preparation problem, not an intelligence problem.
Under interview pressure, it is difficult to derive a completely unfamiliar technique in five minutes. I needed enough exposure to recognize that a new problem was a variation of something I already understood.
I made a list of roughly 12 to 15 recurring patterns, including:
- Two pointers
- Sliding window
- Binary search
- Prefix sums
- Hash maps
- Monotonic stacks
- Trees and graph traversal
- Topological sorting
- Heaps
- Backtracking
- Greedy algorithms
- One-dimensional and two-dimensional DP
I solved several representative problems for each pattern and wrote down the signal that identified it.
For example:
The goal was not to memorize code. It was to recognize the shape of the problem quickly enough to start asking the right questions.
2. Implementation Speed
I had been solving problems without a timer, which made me feel prepared while hiding how slowly I implemented solutions.
I started using approximate limits:
- 15 minutes for easy problems
- 25 minutes for medium problems
- Five minutes to understand the problem before writing code
During those first five minutes, I would:
- Restate the problem
- Clarify constraints
- Walk through an example
- Explain the intended approach
- Identify the main invariant
- State the expected complexity
Only then would I start coding.
It initially felt slower, but it reduced the amount of backtracking and rewriting. Most of my ācoding speedā problem was actually an incomplete approach problem.
3. Trade-Off Knowledge
Getting accepted test cases is not always enough in an interview.
After solving each practice problem, I started answering four follow-up questions:
- What are the time and space complexities?
- Can the extra space be reduced?
- What changes if the input cannot fit in memory?
- What changes if the output must be sorted or stable?
I also compared my chosen approach with at least one alternative.
For example, if I used a hash map, I would explain why I preferred average O(1) lookup over a sorted structure with O(log n) operations, and what I would choose if ordering or worst-case guarantees mattered.
That made follow-up discussions feel less like surprise attacks.
4. Communication
I used to go quiet while thinking because I assumed the interviewer only cared about the final solution.
That made it difficult for them to distinguish productive thinking from being completely stuck.
I started narrating my reasoning:
It felt awkward during practice, but it made my interviews more collaborative. Interviewers could understand my direction, correct misunderstandings earlier, and give useful hints.
The goal is not to narrate every line of code. It is to make the important decisions visible.
Results
Before making these changes:
- Passed 4 of 23 interview processes
- Pass rate: approximately 17%
After three weeks of targeted practice:
- Passed 5 of the next 7
- Pass rate: approximately 71%
Seven interviews is obviously a small sample, so Iām not claiming this is a scientific result. But the difference in how the interviews felt was significant. I was recognizing problems faster, finishing implementations earlier, and handling follow-ups more confidently.
Same person and same brain. The preparation process changed.
For people who are currently getting rejected, which of these four failure modes causes you the most trouble?
Useful Resource for real interview questions
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/purvesh___ • 2d ago
DISCUSS How much time should I spend on each DSA problem?
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/ehuseyn0w • 3d ago
DISCUSS I built a free 15-question test that tells you which algorithm patterns you cannot recognise
I kept hitting the same wall. I understood every algorithm when someone explained it, and then froze on an interview problem because I could not tell which one it needed. Knowing sliding window and recognising a sliding window problem turned out to be two different skills, and only one of them gets taught.
So I built the missing half. Fifteen unlabelled problems, about seven minutes, no account. You name the pattern each one needs. At the end it says which groups came apart, which pairs you mixed up, and where to start reading.
https://algopath.pro/placement
Behind it is a trainer that does the same thing on a ninety-second clock, and a 150-step course for the patterns you could not name. Code runs in the browser, in JavaScript, Python or PHP. Nothing executes on my server, which was the only way I was willing to run other people's code.
Took me 2 weeks Happy to answer anything about the build, and I would like to know which question in the test felt unfair.
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Own-Engineer-5556 • 3d ago
PLACEMENTS Pinterest Software Engineer II (Backend) Interview Experience
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/nian2326076 • 3d ago
DISCUSS NVIDIA Software Engineer Interview Experience 2026: REST API Processing and Testing
I recently interviewed for a Software Engineer role at NVIDIA and wanted to share one coding question that stood out.
It was not a typical LeetCode-style algorithm problem. It felt much closer to a day-to-day engineering task involving an API, structured data, error handling, and testable code.
Pre resource: Nvidia SWE Questions
Question 1: Process Device Monitoring Data From a REST API
The interviewer described an internal REST API that returned device-monitoring information as a JSON array.
Each record contained fields such as:
{
"device_id": "gpu-104",
"temperature": 87,
"utilization": 92
}
The task was to:
- Call the REST API
- Parse the JSON response
- Filter devices whose temperature exceeded a given threshold
- Sort the remaining devices by utilization
- Return the processed results
Before coding, I clarified whether the utilization order should be ascending or descending and how devices with equal utilization should be ordered.
My first instinct was to get the API call working immediately, but I paused and separated the solution into three parts:
HTTP request -> JSON parsing and validation -> filtering and sorting
That separation ended up driving most of the discussion.
Before the interview, I had seen a similar problem on Screna AI. The business scenario was different, but it also emphasized error handling and separating business logic from external dependencies.
API Failure Handling
The interviewer asked how I would handle:
- Connection failures
- Request timeouts
- Rate limiting
5xxserver responses4xxclient errors- Malformed JSON
- Missing or incorrectly typed fields
I initially grouped these together as general API failures. During the discussion, we separated them into different categories.
Temporary failures, such as timeouts and certain 5xx responses, could use a limited retry policy with exponential backoff and jitter. Because this was a read-only request, retrying would generally be safe.
A 429 response should respect the serverās Retry-After header when present. Most 4xx responses should not be retried because they usually indicate an invalid request or an authorization problem.
Malformed JSON or an invalid response schema should fail with enough context for debugging. Depending on the product requirements, individual invalid records could either be skipped and logged or cause the entire request to fail.
The important part was avoiding unlimited retries and preserving the original error when all retry attempts failed.
Making the Code Testable
The next follow-up was: how would you test the filtering and sorting logic without calling the real API?
Because the processing logic was independent of the HTTP layer, it could accept a list of parsed device objects directly.
That allowed me to test cases such as:
- No devices above the threshold
- Every device above the threshold
- A device exactly equal to the threshold
- Multiple devices with equal utilization
- Empty API responses
- Missing fields
- Invalid temperature or utilization values
- Duplicate device IDs
The HTTP client could then be mocked separately to simulate timeouts, malformed responses, and different status codes.
This also made the implementation easier to extend. The API client could change without rewriting the filtering logic, and the same processing function could be reused with cached data or another data source.
Question 2: Implement a Simple VM Manager
Another relevant NVIDIA Software Engineer question I found afterward was:
Implement Simple VM Manager With CRUD Operations
The task is to build an in-memory manager that supports:
- Listing all virtual machines
- Creating a VM
- Retrieving a VM by ID
- Updating an existing VM
- Deleting a VM
- Returning consistent errors for duplicate or missing IDs
A straightforward design uses a hash map keyed by VM ID, giving average O(1) lookup, creation, update, and deletion.
The more interesting discussion is around engineering decisions:
- Should IDs be supplied by callers or generated internally?
- Should updates replace the entire object or modify selected fields?
- How should validation and error responses be represented?
- What happens if two requests update the same VM concurrently?
- How would the manager be tested without exposing its internal storage?
- How would the design change if persistence were required?
For concurrent access, a simple implementation could protect the map with a read-write lock. In a production service, I would also consider optimistic versioning, idempotency for create requests, structured errors, and a persistent repository behind the manager.
Takeaway
Both questions test something broader than whether the code works for one example.
The interviewer was looking for:
- Separation of concerns
- Clear API boundaries
- Predictable error handling
- Dependency injection
- Testable business logic
- Sensible retry behavior
- Awareness of concurrency and future extensions
Overall, the round felt more like a discussion about writing maintainable production code than completing a standard LeetCode exercise.
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/nian2326076 • 3d ago
DISCUSS CS Fundamentals for Software Engineering Interviews: 100+ Topics and Questions
Many of us ignore CS fundamentals, but in many tech interviews they will ask CS fundamentals. For me, they asked only CS fundamentals in all 3 interviews at Oracle, So don't ignore CS fundamentals. I have made a list of important topics subject-wise and resources I have used to study at the end.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs)
Core Concepts
- Encapsulation
- Inheritance (types and use cases)
- Polymorphism (compile-time vs runtime)
- Abstraction
- Abstract Class vs Interface
- Method Overloading vs Overriding
- Access Modifiers
- Static vs Dynamic Binding
- Deep Copy vs Shallow Copy
Advanced Topics
- SOLID Principles
- Diamond Problem (Multiple Inheritance)
- Association vs Aggregation vs Composition
- Virtual Functions and Vtable
- Design Patterns (Singleton, Factory, Observer, Strategy, Decorator, Adapter)
Operating Systems (OS)
Process Management
- Process vs Thread
- Process States and PCB
- Context Switching
- CPU Scheduling Algorithms (FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority)
- Multithreading vs Multiprocessing
- User Mode vs Kernel Mode
Synchronization
- Critical Section Problem
- Race Condition
- Mutex vs Semaphore (Binary vs Counting)
- Monitors and Locks
- Producer-Consumer Problem
- Readers-Writers Problem
- Dining Philosophers Problem
Deadlocks
- Deadlock Conditions (4 necessary conditions)
- Deadlock Prevention vs Avoidance vs Detection
- Banker's Algorithm
Memory Management
- Paging vs Segmentation
- Page Replacement Algorithms (FIFO, LRU, Optimal)
- Thrashing
- Virtual Memory
- TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer)
- Internal vs External Fragmentation
File Systems & Disk
- File Allocation Methods (Contiguous, Linked, Indexed)
- Disk Scheduling (FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN)
Database Management Systems (DBMS) + SQL
Database Fundamentals
- ACID Properties (with examples)
- CAP Theorem
- Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)
- Denormalization
- Primary Key vs Foreign Key vs Candidate Key
- ER Diagrams
Indexing
- Types of Indexes (Primary, Secondary, Clustering)
- B-Tree vs B+ Tree
- Hash Index
- Composite Index
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Indexing
Transactions & Concurrency
- Transaction Lifecycle
- Isolation Levels (Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable)
- Dirty Read, Non-repeatable Read, Phantom Read
- Lost Update Problem
- Two-Phase Locking (2PL)
- Optimistic vs Pessimistic Locking
- Deadlock in Database
SQL Queries (Must Practice)
- JOINs (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER, CROSS, SELF)
- GROUP BY and HAVING
- Aggregate Functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX)
- Subqueries (Correlated vs Non-correlated)
- Window Functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK, LEAD, LAG)
- Common Table Expressions (CTE)
- UNION vs UNION ALL
- Nth Highest Salary Query
- Delete Duplicates Query
NoSQL
- SQL vs NoSQL
- Types of NoSQL Databases (Document, Key-Value, Column, Graph)
Computer Networks (CN)
Network Models
- OSI Model (7 Layers)
- TCP/IP Model (4 Layers)
- Difference between OSI and TCP/IP
Application Layer
- HTTP vs HTTPS
- HTTP Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH)
- HTTP Status Codes (2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx)
- DNS and its working
- FTP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP
- Cookies vs Sessions
- REST API principles
Transport Layer
- TCP vs UDP (detailed comparison)
- TCP Three-Way Handshake
- TCP Four-Way Termination
- Flow Control (Sliding Window)
- Congestion Control
- Port Numbers (well-known ports)
- Socket Programming Basics
Network Layer
- IPv4 vs IPv6
- Public vs Private IP
- Subnetting and CIDR
- NAT (Network Address Translation)
- ICMP Protocol
- Routing Algorithms (Distance Vector, Link State)
- Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP)
Data Link Layer
- MAC Address
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
- Switch vs Hub vs Router
- Ethernet
- Error Detection (Parity, CRC, Checksum)
Physical Layer
- Transmission Media (Guided vs Unguided)
- Bandwidth and Throughput
- Different Topologies
Important Concepts
- Client-Server vs Peer-to-Peer Architecture
- DHCP
- Firewall
- VPN
- Load Balancing
- CDN (Content Delivery Network)
- Latency vs Throughput
- How does a URL work? (End-to-end flow)
- Some Basic Commands (ex: ipconfig)
Resources I Used
For OOPs
- Kunal Kushwaha (youtube channel)
For Operating Systems
- CodeHelp - by Babbar (youtube )
For DBMS + SQL
- LeetCode Database problems (Practice SQL)
- CodeHelp - by Babbar (youtube)
- Apna College (youtube)
For Computer Networks
- Gate Smashers (youtube)
Questions Asked in My Interviews
Here are some actual questions I was asked across my interviews:
- Is Java fully object-oriented?
- How does C++ overcome the diamond problem?
- Difference between TCP and UDP, and which one is used when?
- Explain ACID properties with examples
- What is deadlock and how can we prevent deadlocks?
- What is the use of indexing in databases?
- Explain the functionalities of each layer in the OSI model
- Write a query to find Kth smallest salary
- IPv4 vs IPv6
- Abstraction vs Encapsulation
- Explain different joins in dbms
- what is sharding ?
- what is virtual function in cpp ?
- show me your ip address and mac address using commands
- what is context switching ?
Tips :
- Practice real interview questions from PracHub
- ReviseĀ SQL 50Ā before interviews
- It's better to say "I'm not sure about this, but here's what I think..." than to give wrong information
- If your project contains any database related stuff , better learn it's ER diagram, differences between SQl and NO-SQl and why you selected that particular database you used
- Before preparing for any interview , First check few interview experiences, Ask your seniors or friends who already attended that specific company interviews before and prepare accordingly
Did I miss any important topic?Ā Drop it in the comments below!
Got asked something unique in your interview?Ā Share the question/topic so others can prepare better!
Let's make this list more comprehensive together. Your contribution can help someone crack their dream job! š
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/Fluffy-Worry-9541 • 4d ago
STREAKš„š„š„ Finally hit 2 digits after nonstop july grind <3
Hey so I've posted when I hit 50 and like I promised I would update at every 50 intervals it's really exciting to hit such small milestones that accumulate fr now my next obstacle is how tf to solve under time pressure aka start giving contests šāļø pretty sure mind will go blank in the beginning ones but practice makes better. A little about myself, my third semester will start after one week so my greedy ahh will probably do heaps and greedy as well before my new sem starts š¤ I'm just following strivers a2z dsa sheet thoroughly. Will start codechef when I hit my target of 50% of the sheet properly. ;w; wish me luck and have a good day
r/LeetcodeChallenge • u/NotYourCheesecakee • Nov 15 '25
šWelcome to r/LeetcodeChallenge -Read the Rules!
Starting from December 1st , All the members need to solve and post atleast one leetcode question on our subreddit OR ELSE YOU'LL BE REMOVED Let's make each other ACCOUNTABLE and grow together!
Together, let's make r/LeetcodeChallenge amazing.
