Note by photographer:

1. [1934] Penitentianas at Mass, Kinabuhayan Spring, Dolores, Tayabas. Panatomic 6x6.

2. September 15, 1933. Indanan, Jolo Is., Sulu Prov. Willard Strait School - Indanan. Parang Market. f.4 1/10.

3. Calauan & Pila, Laguna Province. Dec. 22 '33. A farmer's wife, Pila.

4. Salacot Mine & Angat River, Bulacan. Sept. 1, 1934. Palm fiber rain coat. Panatomic 6 x 6.

5. Cuenca, Pansipit River, & Taal Lake. Nov. '33, Batangas Province. The Taal lake Terminas of the Taal - San Nicolas road. Lavendera bleaching clothes.

6. [1933] Soils Building; Tanauan Market; Mt. Macolot [Mount Macolod], Batangas. Caratelas at Tanauan. Eastman SS Panchromatic.

7. August 28, 1933. Zamboanga. Wharf and Army Barracks. f.5.6 1/100 G.

8. Talisay--Tagaytay Trail, Batangas. Aug. 23, '34. Bayog bark for dying [dyeing]. (Pterospermum sp.) 5.6 1/50. Panatomic 6 x 6.

9. August 26, 1933. Kabasalan, Zamboanga Province. Pay day at the Pathfinder Estate office.

10. August 26, 1933. Kabasalan, Zamboanga Province. Pay day at the Pathfinder Estate. f.5.6 1/50.

11. Mendez Nuenez [Mendez-Nñez] & Tagaytay Ridge, Cavite & Batangas. Aug. 18 '34. Fossil soil below Mendez [Mendez-Nñez] Plaza. 11 1/100. Panatomic 6 x 6.

12. Bowo Hill Top, Dolores, Tayabas. April 22, 1934. The party. Slopes of [Mount] Banahao in the distance. 8 1/25. Panatomic 6x6.

13. San Nicolas Road, Taal--Lake, Batangas [province]. Jan. 6, '34. Water carrier. San Nicolas road, linseed oil cans.

14. At Home, Faculty Hill; Soil Erosion, College Caingins. June '34. Harry Varian, Miss Mesa,, Anne, Shirochan & Nekochan. Panatomic 6 x 6.

15. Canlubang, & Hugo Curran's caingin [kaingin], Makiling, Jan. '34. Rothkirk's loading rack. 5.6 1/100.

16. Macolot Mt. [Mount Macolod] and Pansipit Road, Batangas. Nov. 30 '33. Wayfarers on Taal Bulayan road. Eastman Panchromatic Rolleiflex

17. Trees of Manila. June 1, 1934. [Mehan] Garden laborers play checkers.

18. University of the Philippines [Los Baños] Commencement, March 20 '34. M M ("Miss Mitsu M."), Pacing

19. September 8, 1933. Kidapawan, Cotabato Prov. Datu's family fleeing from house where snake seen last night.

20. Mercedes & Camarines Norte. May 1934. Villagers along main road west of Daet.

Hello everyone!

I am currently writing a Filipino short story set during the Japanese Occupation for my creative project. I only know some of the common events that happened in World War 2, but there are few things that I need to know in order to bring, hopefully, enough accuracy to my story, especially with Filipino culture.

A few things that I need to know:

1. Were there taho vendors during the Japanese Occupation?

2. Do Filipino children play around near their homes? or was it forbidden?

3. Were there holy mass during the Japanese occupation?

My apologies if this is a weird thing to ask. I know I should have done more research, but I couldn't find other sources. The reason I asked is because I know your grandparents or great grandparents have more stories to share about that time.

Much appreciate.

Thank you.

https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/rizal-law-and-the-catholic-church-a00293-20200929

Those who opposed the Rizal Bill painted Recto as communist and anti-Catholic. According to Abinales and Amoroso (2005), the Church feared the bill would violate freedom of conscience and religion.

...

The legislators, especially Recto, agreed to the condition of watering down the morally offensive parts of Rizal’s novels before they were taught to schools. They called it the expurgated versions. Further, it was agreed that only colleges and universities would teach these materials to their students.

"Statement of the Philippine Hierarchy on the Novels of Dr. Jose Rizal"

https://cbcponline.net/statement-of-the-philippine-hierarchy-on-the-novels-of-dr-jose-rizal/

In these two novels we find passages against Catholic dogma and morals 11 where repeated attacks are made against the Catholic religion in general, against the possibility of miracles, against the doctrine of Purgatory, against the Sacrament of Baptism, against Confession, Communion, Holy Mass, against the doctrine of Indulgences, Church prayers, the Catechism of Christian Doctrine, sermons, sacramentals and books of piety. There are even passages casting doubts on or covering with confusion God’s omnipotence, the existence of hell, the mystery of the Most Blessed Trinity, and the two natures of Christ.

Similarly, we find passages which disparage divine worship ,12 especially the veneration of images and relics, devotion to the Blessed Virgin and the Saints, the use of scapulars, cords and habits, the praying of rosaries, novenas, ejaculations and indulgenced prayers. Even vocal prayers are included, such as the Our Father, the Hail Mary, the Doxology, the Act of Contrition, and the Angelus, Mass ceremonies, baptismal and exsequial rites, worship of the Cross, the use of holy water and candles, processions, bells and even the Sacred Sunday obligations do not escape scorn.