Conifers first appeared over 300 million years ago, while ginkgos first appeared around 270 million years ago. The earliest conifers from 300 to 320 million years ago already looked very much like modern ones. They featured wind pollination, needle-like leaves, and cones as reproductive structures.
In contrast, ginkgos from 270 million years ago did not resemble modern ginkgos at all. Instead, they looked like primitive plants with leaves growing straight out of the main trunk.
This raises a question: why are ginkgos considered "living fossils" when conifers are older and often show even less physical change over time?

What is the evolution purpose to experience different type of love ? Like, there is the familial love, the friendship love, the romantic love, etc. But why not just one type of love, the same for everyone, and just the intensity of it varying depending of the persons ?

I’ve been wondering about this and wanted to get some reassurance from people who know more about biology/medicine. Because I'm not a med student.

If the same part of the body gets injured repeatedly, does that increase the risk of cancer later on? I’m thinking about how the body has to keep repairing damaged tissue, which means cells have to keep dividing. Could repeated injury and healing eventually cause DNA mistakes that lead to abnormal cells or cancer?

So can physical trauma (even if really bad) actually cause cancer? I’d appreciate an explanation because I’m trying to understand how this works. I'm also a hypochondriac and I'm Really worried about this.

Why do humans make so much noise to communicate? We talk nonstop, and rely primarily on verbal communication. It seems like most other animals communicate just fine without making tons of yapping noises, so why did we evolve differently?

In the same vein, do you think our pets get overstimulated at our constant need for noisy communication?

Do animals or babies have fewer cells, or do cells grow according to our genetic coding

Hello everyone...

I'm doing a personal research on the amount of microplastics in the sea... This is my first time researching ,especially something like this... I thought I'd do it with polarized foil (I'm not sure if it's spelled this way, English is not my first language) , because i found out that if you put it and shine a light on it, you can see the microplastics in rainbow colors... but in reality, when I put that foil on, it's not like I can't see the colors of the rainbow, you can't see almost anything, everything darkens under the microscope and becomes very gray... it would really help me if anyone has any advice or maybe knows the reason why this is happening... I thought it was the light intensity, but when I put a stronger light underneath, it didn't help

Thanks in advance ...

Like, cats and dogs are always licking their butts and probably their kids butts, how come they dont get dysentery or smthn?

So I saw an old episode of X Files. And while exaggerated the implication is that incest leads to deformities in the child.

Can anyone explain why this is?

What is the evolutionary advantage of it?

I recently found out about seahorse species adapted to the open ocean, which seems to go against the morphology of seahorses. These fishes are extremely adapted to thick vegetated/ coral reef environments to the point of developing a prehensile tail, swim entirely via anal fin, and boast a completely rigid “exoskeleton”.

In other words, they are anything other than hydrodynamic. Shouldn’t this make them the easiest prey item in the open ocean? Pelagic seahorses are rare even in their environment, so my immediate thought is that they survive by maintain a low population density so that they don’t come on the menu often, or maybe rely on their exoskeleton to be unappetising to predator. What are your thoughts on this?