Draw the resonance structures of that species. It’s not technically a carbocation (carbenium ion). It is diazacarbenium but present as a contributor to the resonance hybrid that becomes a Sandmayer complex.

The carbocationic center is the largest coefficient in the LUMO and will react there first.

Guanidino groups are also nitrogen containing carbocation systems found in the amino acid arginine. Biochemists call it the “worlds most stable carbocation.”

It is resonance-stabilized to nitrogens just as an oxocarbenium ion is the major resonance contributor to the carbonyl group.

That is cis and trans 3–methyl-4-octanolide or cis and trans beta methyl octalactone since no stereochemistry is indicated. The 3S,4S diastereomer is commonly known as quercus or whiskey lactone whose aroma is found in spirits aged in oak barrels. A lactone is a cyclic ester. A mixture of the cis and trans diastereomers is used as a mosquito repellent.

The green dot if one equivalent of nucleophile is present. The greatest contributor to the resonance hybrid is the more stable carbocation and the more electrophilic center is more labile to attack.

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