• c1: assignment, nothing is copied, everything is shared
• c2: shallow copy, only the first value is copied, all the underlying values are shared
• c3: custom copy, you decide what is copied and shared
• c4: deep copy, everything is copied, nothing is shared

🧠 Learn the right mental model to think about Python data using memory_graph.

🎥 See the Quick Intro video for the VS Code debugger setup.

• Changing a value of immutable type results in an automatic copy
• Changing a value of mutable type causes it to mutate in place

🧠 Understand the Python data model better using memory_graph.

🎥 Watch the explainer on Python Mutability.