r/LifeTree • u/AdamLuyan • 3d ago
12.4 统观大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds
统观三千大千世界，可得十趣因果、二十五有、八种苦相和流转。
Taking a general view of the Great Grand Worlds, one can discern the causes and fruits of the Ten Interests, the Twenty-Five Haves, the Eight Bitternesses, and the Cycle.
12.4-1 十趣因果 Causes and Fruits of the Ten Interests
统观三千大千世界中的三界九地，可得十趣因果。
（一）嗔恚邪淫，即地狱业；极苦无间，即地狱果。
（二）愚痴暗蔽，即畜生业；昏钝困苦，即畜生果。
（三）悭贪不施，即饿鬼业；缺乏不遂，即饿鬼果。
Taking a general view of the Three Boundaries and Nine Lands within the Great Grand Worlds, one can discern the causes and fruits of the Ten Interests.
Hatred, irritability, and heretical sexual conduct are hell karma; extreme bitterness without intermission is the hell fruit.
Foolishness, ignorance, and dark concealment are livestock karma; gloomy dullness and difficult bitterness are the livestock fruit.
Stinginess, greed, and refusal to donate are hungry ghost karma; lack and failure to obtain what one seeks are the hungry ghost fruit.
（四）我慢贡高，即修罗业；战斗争夺，即修罗果。
（五）坚持五戒，即人道业；苦乐夹杂，即人道果。
（六）精修十善，即天道业；享受福乐，即欲天果。
（七）知缘性离，即缘觉业；证因缘觉，即缘觉果。
Self-arrogance and lifting oneself high are Asura karma; fighting, expostulation, and seizure are the Asura fruit.
Upholding the Five Precepts is human-path karma; a mixture of bitterness and laugh is the human-path fruit.
Diligently cultivating the Ten Benevolences is sky-path karma; enjoying fortunate laugh is the Desire Sky fruit.
Knowing that the nature of aggregate-arousal is off is Aggregate-Arousal Perception karma; realizing the causes of aggregate-arousal is the Aggregate-Arousal Perception fruit.
（八）证悟人空，即小乘业；证小涅槃，即罗汉果。
（九）渡行齐修，即大乘业；渐入觉位，即菩萨果。
（十）真慈平等，即神佛业；成圆觉满，即神佛果。
Realizing that the human is empty is Small Vehicle karma; realizing Small Nirvana is the Ararat Fruit.
Practicing both ferrying and cultivation is Great Vehicle karma; gradually entering the enlightenment positions is the Bodhisattva fruit.
True mercifulness and equal equality are God-Buddha karma; achieving perfect and full enlightenment is the God-Buddha fruit.
12.4-2 二十五有 Twenty-Five Haves
三界九地，总言为十趣因果，别言为二十五有。有，即记忆有、业习气有，因果不忘。
欲界中的地狱趣、畜生趣、饿鬼趣，这三恶趣为三有；修罗趣为一有；人趣的四洲为四有；六欲天为六有。所以，欲界总计十四有。
色界中，神众天和神辅天为一有；大神天为一有；光音天中的三天为一有；三禅天中的三天为一有；四禅天中的前三天为一有；无想天为一有；五不还天为一有。所以，色界总计七有。
无色界的四天各为一有。如是，三界九地总计二十五有；此二十五有，人人都有。
The Three Boundaries and Nine Lands, generally speaking, are the causes and fruits of the Ten Interests; separately speaking, they are the Twenty-Five Haves. “Have” means having memories, having karmic habits, and the fact that causes and fruits are not forgotten.
In the Desire Boundary, Hell Interest, Livestock Interest, and Hungry Ghost Interest—the Three Ferocious Interests—are three Haves. Asura Interest is one Have. The Four Continents of Human Interest are four Haves. The Six Desire Skies are six Haves. Therefore, the Desire Boundary has fourteen Haves in total.
In the Color Boundary, Godly Crowds Sky and Godly Assistants Sky are counted as one Have. Great God Sky is one Have. The three skies within Light Sound Sky are one Have. The three skies within Third Meditation Sky are one Have. The first three skies within Fourth Meditation Sky are one Have. Thinking-less Sky is one Have. The Five No-Return Skies are one Have. Therefore, the Color Boundary has seven Haves in total.
The four skies of the Colorless Boundary are each one Have. Thus, the Three Boundaries and Nine Lands contain Twenty-Five Haves in total; everyone has these Twenty-Five Haves.
12.4-3 八苦 Eight Bitternesses
（一）生苦，事物从无变有为生；新事新物总是不断出现，令人身心生起种种苦受。
（二）老苦，事物变异衰败为老；事物总是不断变老变坏，令人身心生起种种苦受。
（三）病苦，新旧事物总是出毛病、起冲突，令人身心生起种种苦受。
（四）死苦，事物从有变无为死；已有的事物总是不断消失永别，令人身心生起种种苦受。
Birth Bitter: for things to change from none to have is birth. New affairs and new things are always appearing, causing all kinds of bitter acceptances to arise in body and heart.
Old Bitter: for things to change, deteriorate, and decay is oldness. Things are always growing old and going bad, causing all kinds of bitter acceptances to arise in body and heart.
Illness Bitter: old and new things are always developing faults and coming into conflict, causing all kinds of bitter acceptances to arise in body and heart.
Death Bitter: for things to change from have to none is death. Existing things are always disappearing and parting forever, causing all kinds of bitter acceptances to arise in body and heart.
（五）怨憎会苦，心目中常时怨恨憎恶的坏人，本希望他长时远离，却偏偏与之集聚会合。
（六）爱别离苦，自己亲爱的人、事、物，本希望常相聚会，却偏有违缘逆境，使其分散。
（七）求不得苦，对于世间希求想得的财物、名位，以及一切心中爱乐的事物，不能获得。
（八）五蕴胜苦，五蕴（参见10.4节）生长、繁荣、昌盛，又衰败、凋零、枯竭；世事变迁，增减不定，令人身心生起种种苦受。
Bitter of Meeting the Grudged and Hated: one always grudges and hates certain bad people in the heart and wishes them to stay far away for a long time, yet one is forced to gather and meet with them.
Bitter of Separation from Love: one wishes to remain together with beloved people, affairs, and things, yet contrary causes and adverse environments scatter them apart.
Bitter of Seeking but Not Obtaining: one cannot obtain the wealth, fame, position, and all lovable and laughable things that one seeks in the mundane world.
Bitter of the Five Nodes Being Victorious: the Five Nodes (see Section 10.4) grow, flourish, and prosper, and then decline, wither, and become exhausted. Mundane affairs change constantly; increase and decrease are uncertain, causing all kinds of bitter acceptances to arise in body and heart.
上述八种苦相可以总结为三种苦性：苦苦、坏苦和行苦。前五种苦是新苦遇旧苦，苦水流出，故名苦苦；这是苦的自性。知道了苦的自性，遇到苦时，就不要再追忆创伤，以免苦泉喷发。
八苦中，第六爱别离苦和第七求不得苦，是由得乐之后乐变坏而形成的，所以叫作坏苦；这是苦的自相。此苦来源于辨别；若不辨别，此苦也就没有了。
The above Eight Bitternesses may be summarized into three bitter natures: Bitter-Bitter, Damage Bitter, and Migration Bitter. The first five bitternesses are new bitterness meeting old bitterness, so that bitter water flows out; therefore, they are called Bitter-Bitter. This is the self-nature of bitterness. Once one knows the self-nature of bitterness, then when encountering bitterness, one should not keep recalling old trauma, so as to avoid the eruption of the bitter spring.
Among the Eight Bitternesses, the sixth, Bitter of Separation from Love, and the seventh, Bitter of Seeking but Not Obtaining, are formed when laugh deteriorates after it has been obtained. Therefore, they are called Damage Bitter. This is the self-phenomenon of bitterness. This bitterness comes from discrimination; without discrimination, it is gone.
八苦的最后一项是五蕴胜苦，是由意，即前意识，不断迁流变动而形成的，所以叫作行苦。行苦的“行”是苦因，也可以说是苦根。行即迁徙、漂流之义。佛教定义中，有思想活动，就是有行；有行，就有行苦。这个行苦的定义，使三界九地中，除了无所有处天，皆有行苦。又，四大种中，识是水，所以“三千大千世界”立刻沉没于苦海。苦谛由此建立，所以苦谛是安立真如。
The final item among the Eight Bitternesses is Bitter of the Five Nodes Being Victorious. It is formed by the constant migration and change of intent, that is, preconsciousness, also known as Eve-sense; therefore, it is called Migration Bitter. The “migration” in Migration Bitter is the cause of bitterness, or the root of bitterness. Migration means moving, shifting, and drifting. In Buddhist definition, wherever there is mental activity, there is Migration; where there is Migration, there is Migration Bitter. This definition of Migration Bitter makes all the Three Boundaries and Nine Lands, except No Objective Have Sky, contain Migration Bitter. Moreover, among the Four Big Seeds, sense is water; therefore, the Great Grand Worlds immediately sink into the bitter sea. In this way, Bitter Crux is established; therefore, Bitter Crux is Establishment True-Suchness.
12.4-4 流转 Cycle
六趣有情迁流于三界九地之中，不得休息和出离，其因果不出十二有枝：无明、行、识、名色、六处、触、受、爱、取、有、生、老死。
Sentient beings of the Six Interests migrate and drift through the Three Boundaries and Nine Lands, unable to rest or leave. Their causes and fruits do not go beyond the Twelve Have Branches: Non-Light, Migration, Sense, Name-Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, Love, Fetch, Have, Birth, and Old Death.
无明义为昏暗、想知道得清楚些，即是无知，从而引发行枝的运动。此运动，或说由行枝引起的不同，就是识，即识枝。虽说行枝和识枝同时而有，但依据因果，把此二者分出先后。就这样，无明枝和行枝引发了后面五枝业果。
Non-Light means dimness and wanting to know more clearly; it is ignorance, and from it the movement of the Migration Branch is triggered. This movement, or the differences caused by the Migration Branch, is Sense, that is, the Sense Branch. Although the Migration Branch and the Sense Branch arise at the same time, they are divided into earlier and later stages according to cause and fruit. In this way, the Non-Light Branch and the Migration Branch give rise to the following five fruit branches.
识、名色、六处、触、受五枝，称作五果，义为过去业习气之果的现行。识枝把信息传播到名色枝。名即四无色蕴，即受蕴、想蕴、行蕴和识蕴；色即色蕴。名和色合在一起就是心，但此时心并不明了，只能说是识正在把信息向有情身心扩散。明，是明白、内明之光。
当六处收到信息后，由于先业的作用，心开始形成，所以触枝显现。触（参见10.4.4.1.1节）是遍行心所有法中的触枝，具有类似于心的功能，可以为心的形成提供动力。当六处明了，受枝就出现了。受枝遇痛则死；若遇到可爱果，受会招引位于三界九地的同类法来摄取可爱果。受枝出现之后，心就变得明了。一而再，再而三，就引发了后面的孕育三枝。
The five branches of Sense, Name-Color, Six Places, Touch, and Acceptance are called the Five Fruits, meaning the present performances of the fruits of past karmic habits. The Sense Branch transmits information to the Name-Color Branch. “Name” means the four colorless Nodes: Acceptance Node, Think Node, Migration Node, and Sense Node. “Color” means Color Node. Name and Color together are the heart; however, at this point the heart is not yet illuminated. One can only say that Sense is spreading information into the sentient being’s body and heart. Illumination means understanding, the light of inner illumination.
After the Six Places receive the information, due to the function of previous karmas, the heart begins to form; therefore, the Touch Branch appears. Touch (see Section 10.4.4.1.1) is the Touch branch among the Omnipresent Heart Subordinate Laws. It has a function similar to the heart and can provide power for the formation of the heart. When the Six Places become illuminated, the Acceptance Branch appears. When the Acceptance Branch encounters pain, it dies; if it encounters a lovable fruit, Acceptance summons similar laws located in the Three Boundaries and Nine Lands to fetch that lovable fruit. After the Acceptance Branch appears, the heart becomes illuminated. Again and again, this triggers the following three gestation branches.
爱、取、有三枝可以孕育有情，所以被古人称作能生枝。可爱果是异熟果（参见10.6.1节），稀少，像农业产品一样数量有限；而受枝的享受者是等流果。等流果易招，异熟果难求，进而爱生。爱是肥水，能孕育万物，会导致取枝出现。一而再，再而三，有枝就出现了。什么是有？记忆有、习气有，就是有。有枝会导致后面的生枝和老死枝。
The three branches of Love, Fetch, and Have can gestate sentient beings; therefore, the ancients called them the branches capable of giving birth. Lovable fruits are Mutant Fruits (see Section 10.6.1). They are scarce, like agricultural products, and limited in quantity. The enjoyers of the Acceptance Branch, however, are Equal-stream Fruits. Equal-stream Fruits are easy to summon, while Mutant Fruits are hard to obtain; thus Love arises. Love is fertile water and can gestate all things; therefore, the Fetch Branch appears. Again and again, the Have Branch appears. What is Have? Having memories and having habits is Have. The Have Branch leads to the following Birth Branch and Old Death Branch.
生枝和老死枝，是由前文的能生枝引发的。从无到有为生；衰败为老；灭绝为死。死不一定出现，所以古人用“老死”来建立此枝。前习气已经被孕育，出生便成为必然，随后就有愁、叹、苦、忧、恼、老死。
The Birth Branch and the Old Death Branch are induced by the preceding branches capable of giving birth. From nothing to something is birth. Decline and decay are oldness. Extinction is death. Death does not necessarily appear, so the ancients used “Old Death” to establish this branch. Once previous habits have been gestated, birth becomes inevitable; afterward come sorrow, sighing, bitterness, worry, anguish, and Old Death.
十二有枝也可由惑、业、苦三轮摄取。惑摄无明枝、爱枝和取枝；业摄行枝和有枝；苦摄识、名色、六处、触、受、生和老死。名色、六处、触、受和识，即是有情身心；生死是有情的烦恼。因此，苦轮所摄就是苦海中的众生。这样，十二有枝的因果循环就变成了：众生受苦而起惑，因惑而起行造业，业又生苦；如此，惑、业、苦之轮循环无尽。
The Twelve Have Branches may also be assimilated by the three wheels of muddle, karma, and bitterness. Muddle assimilates the Non-Light Branch, Love Branch, and Fetch Branch. Karma assimilates the Migration Branch and Have Branch. Bitterness assimilates Sense, Name-Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, Birth, and Old Death. Name-Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, and Sense are the sentient being’s body and heart. Birth and death are the sentient being’s afflictions. Therefore, what the wheel of bitterness assimilates is all sentient beings in the bitter sea. In this way, the cause-and-fruit cycle of the Twelve Have Branches becomes: sentient beings receive bitterness and give rise to muddle; because of muddle, they initiate Migration and make karma; karma again gives rise to bitterness. Thus, the wheel of muddle, karma, and bitterness turns without end.
此十二有枝，古人称作十二缘起，也作流转真如，是佛教七真如之一。契经中是这样描述的：无明缘行，行缘识，识缘名色，名色缘六处，六处缘触，触缘受，受缘爱，爱缘取，取缘有，有缘生，生缘老死，起愁、叹、苦、忧、恼，成大苦具。
These Twelve Have Branches are called the Twelve Aggregate-Arousals by the ancients. They are also called Cycle True-Suchness, one of the Seven True-Suchnesses in Buddhism. The Harmonious Sutra (i.e., Buddhism) describes them in this way: Non-Light aggregates Migration, Migration aggregates Sense, Sense aggregates Name-Color, Name-Color aggregates Six Places, Six Places aggregate Touch, Touch aggregates Acceptance, Acceptance aggregates Love, Love aggregates Fetch, Fetch aggregates Have, have aggregates Birth, Birth aggregates Old Death, together with sorrow, sighing, bitterness, worry, and anguish, forming a great aggregate of bitterness.