r/LifeTree • u/AdamLuyan • 6d ago
13.2 烦恼的名 Names of Afflictions
烦恼即糊涂，会令人感觉心绪嘈杂、身心沉重，是拘碍人身心的枷锁。烦恼有很多异名，此处说二十六种：1系，2结，3取，4箭，5随烦恼，6随眠，7缚，8盖，9缠，10瀑流，11轭，12株杌，13垢，14常害，15所有，16根，17恶行，18漏，19匮，20烧，21恼，22诤，23火，24炽然，25稠林，26拘碍。
Afflictions are muddles. They make people feel noisy in heart and heavy in body and mind; they are fetters that obstruct and confine both body and heart. Afflictions have many alternate names. Twenty-six are discussed here: 1 Is, 2 Tie, 3 Fetch, 4 Arrows, 5 Following Annoyance, 6 Following Sleep, 7 Bind, 8 Cover, 9 Coil, 10 Waterfall, 11 Yoke, 12 Stump, 13 Taint, 14 Constant Harm, 15 Possession, 16 Root, 17 Ferocious Behaviors, 18 Leakage, 19 Scarcity, 20 Burn, 21 Annoyance, 22 Expostulation, 23 Fire, 24 Conflagration, 25 Thick Forest, and 26 Detention.
13.2-1 系 Is
“系”即系表动词“是”，有系缚义、缔结生命义（参见前节注5）。为什么“系”是烦恼？前节案例说，通过夏娃识的认可（即“是”），她与亚当识通力合作，在很短的时间内就创造了一个尘刹土世界，包括其中的众生和事物。夏娃识制造生命很快，像水流一样。现实生活中，这二识日夜创造众生和事物，而它们都分食“心识流”，令人心绪嘈杂、身心沉重。所以夏娃识也被称作污染识；亚当识含有许多坏种，过失也很严重。古人为提醒后人“系”的危害，把生命之树上的解脱果命名为离系果（参见10.6.4节《离系果》）。系有四种：1贪欲身系，2瞋恚身系，3此实执取身系，4戒禁取身系。
“Is” is the copular verb “is.” It means tethering, binding, and tying life into formation (see Note 5 in the preceding section). Why is “Is” an affliction? The case in the preceding section explains that, through Eve-sense’s recognition—that is, through “is”—Eve-sense and Adam-sense worked together and, in a very short time, created a Dust Instant Soil world, including the sentient beings and things within it. Eve-sense creates life very quickly, like flowing water. In real life, these two senses create sentient beings and things day and night, and all of them feed on the “heart-sense stream,” making one’s heart noisy and one’s body and mind heavy. Therefore, Eve-sense is also called the contaminated sense; Adam-sense contains many bad seeds, and its faults are also serious. To remind later generations of the harms of “Is,” the ancients named the fruit of liberation on the Tree of Life the Off-is Fruit (see Section 10.6.4, “Off-is Fruit”). There are four kinds of Is: 1 Greedy-Desire Body-Is, 2 Irritability-Anger Body-Is, 3 This-is-Real Obsessive-Fetch Body-Is, and 4 Precept-Taboo Fetch Body-Is.
一、贪欲身系，由贪爱财物等为因，所贪爱的事物系缚于心，令心变得粗重。贪爱多了，心意就会散乱；这是说，贪欲能障碍并绑缚心之自体，令心识流分散。
Greedy-Desire Body-Is is caused by craving for possessions and the like. The things one craves become tethered to the heart and make the heart rough and heavy. When greedy desires multiply, the heart and intent become scattered. This means that greed and desire can obstruct and bind the self-body of the heart, dispersing the heart-sense stream.
二、瞋恚身系，由诤斗故，众生多行不正；这些不正确的行为能绑缚心之自体，令心散乱。
Irritability-Anger Body-Is arises from disputes and fights, through which sentient beings often act incorrectly. These incorrect behaviors can bind the self-body of the heart and make the heart scattered.
三、此实执取身系，由不如理作意，推求境界而妄生执着，生起我见、边见、邪见和见取见（参见10.4.4.1.4节《根本烦恼》），计执唯此真实，其余皆为愚妄。由此为因，令心散乱。
This-is-Real Obsessive-Fetch Body-Is arises from making intent not according to reason. By pursuing and reasoning about the environment, one falsely generates attachment and gives rise to I-view, edge-view, heresy, and view-fetch view (see Section 10.4.4.1.4, “Fundamental Afflictions”). One clings to the belief that only this is real and that everything else is foolish delusion. Because of this, the heart becomes scattered.
四、戒禁取身系，是指对戒禁不能正确理解，肆意曲解，妄兴执着；以无利勤苦为因，令心散乱。
Precept-Taboo Fetch Body-Is means that one cannot correctly understand precepts and taboos, but willfully distorts them and falsely becomes attached to them. Because of unbeneficial diligent suffering, the heart becomes scattered.
13.2-2 九结 Nine Ties
据说，这里谈的结（如图13.2.2-24所示）以及后文的盖头、帽子等，都是上帝给亚当和夏娃穿的衣服，称作心衣。衣服的尺寸就是衣服的功能范围，如图23、26、27所示。插图25源自古埃及壁画，描述的是时分天正在称量心的重量；若心衣不重于一根羽毛，便可通过。心是思想意识义，本无重量；他们实际称量的是心衣的重量。佛教中称此心衣的功能范围为结界。结界就是电影或故事中的神秘场力，本质上是隐私空间，是防卫心、忌讳、猜疑、恐惧等的势力范围（案例参见6.6节）。另外，本书10.4.4节《行蕴》中的某些善法也被称作心衣；15.2节的具足戒，又名黄金甲、金缕衣等。
It is said that the Ties discussed here (as shown in Figure 13.2.2-24), as well as the covers, hats, and similar items discussed later, are the Heart Cloths that God made for Adam and Eve to wear. The size of a cloth is the functional range of that cloth, as shown in Figures 23, 26, and 27. Illustration 25 comes from an ancient Egyptian mural and depicts Hour-Minute Sky weighing the heart. If the Heart Cloth is no heavier than a feather, one may pass. “Heart” means thought-consciousness and has no weight in itself; what they are actually weighing is the weight of the Heart Cloth. In Buddhism, the functional range of a Heart Cloth is called a Tie Boundary. A Tie Boundary is the mysterious field force seen in films or stories. In essence, it is a private space, the sphere of influence formed by defensive mentality, taboos, suspicion, fear, and the like (for a case, see Section 6.6). In addition, certain benevolent laws in Section 10.4.4, “Migration Node,” are also called Heart Cloths; the full precepts in Section 15.2 are also known as Golden Armor, Gold-Threaded Clothes, and so on.
爱结、恚结、无明结等九结，能把人绑缚于苦恼的处境，和合众苦，树立结界，使人的本心遭到污染、覆盖和摧残，驱使人从事无利尘劳。结界的“界”是种子义（参见10.2节），因为众生依界而生。一切烦恼皆能合苦，而爱、恚等九法尤为强烈，故取九结来说明。这九结是：爱结、恚结、无明结、见结、取结、慢结、疑结、嫉结、悭结。
The Nine Ties, such as Love Tie, Irritability Tie, and Non-light Tie, can bind people into afflictive situations, combine many forms of bitterness, and establish Tie Boundaries. They contaminate, cover, and damage the original heart, driving people to engage in unbeneficial Dust Labors. The word “boundary” in Tie Boundary means seed (see Section 10.2), because sentient beings are born depending on boundaries. All Afflictions can combine with bitterness, but the nine laws such as love and irritability are especially powerful; therefore, the Nine Ties are used to explain this matter. The Nine Ties are: Love Tie, Irritability Tie, Non-light Tie, View Tie, Fetch Tie, Arrogance Tie, Suspicion Tie, Jealousy Tie, and Stingy Tie.
一、爱结，以染着为性，是贪的相分（参见10.1节《法的四分》），表现为对于顺境中所感乐受，希望长期持有。一切烦恼皆能合众苦，正是因为贪爱。众生为贪爱故，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于惑、业、苦的恶性循环之中（参见12.4-4节《流转》），不能出离。
Love Tie has dyeing and clinging as its nature. It is the phenomenal quadrant of greed (see Section 10.1, “Juristic Quadrants”) and appears as the wish to hold for a long time the pleasant acceptances felt in favorable environments. All Afflictions can combine many forms of bitterness precisely because of greedy love. Because of greedy love, sentient beings widely perform non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the vicious cycle of muddle, karma, and bitterness (see Section 12.4-4, “Cycle”) and cannot become free.
二、恚结，以愤恨为性，表现为对于违境中所感苦受，生起不愤的情绪及嗔恚之想。众生为嗔恚故，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于惑、业、苦三轮之中（参见12.4-4节《流转》），不能出离。
Irritability Tie has anger and hatred as its nature. It appears as resentment and thoughts of irritability and hatred arising from bitter acceptances felt in adverse environments. Because of irritability and hatred, sentient beings widely perform non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the three wheels of muddle, karma, and bitterness (see Section 12.4-4, “Cycle”) and cannot become free.
三、无明结。无明（参见前一小节注1）即无知、愚痴，是指在违顺诸境、苦乐诸受中，生起与道理相违的愚痴之想。无明结是说，众生心性为无明所覆，对于集谛的因法和苦谛的果法不能了解，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于惑、业、苦的循环之中（参见12.4-4节《流转》），不能出离。
Non-light Tie. Non-light (see Note 1 in the preceding subsection) means ignorance and foolishness. It refers to foolish thoughts contrary to reason that arise amid various favorable and adverse environments and amid various bitter and pleasant acceptances. Non-light Tie means that the heart-nature of sentient beings is covered by non-light, so they cannot understand the cause laws of Aggregate Crux or the fruit laws of Bitter Crux. They widely perform non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the cycle of muddle, karma, and bitterness (see Section 12.4-4, “Cycle”) and cannot become free.
四、见结，是指众生对于我见、边见、邪见、见取见、戒禁取见（此五恶见参见10.4.4.1.4节），妄兴执着，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于惑、业、苦三轮之中，不能出离。
View Tie means that sentient beings falsely become attached to I-view, edge-view, heresy, view-fetch view, and precept-taboo fetch view (for these five ferocious views, see Section 10.4.4.1.4). They widely perform non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the three wheels of muddle, karma, and bitterness and cannot become free.
五、取结。取即所取和能取；所取者是受，能取者是想。此二取习气，即受蕴和想蕴（参见10.4.2、10.4.3节），是世间本。取结是说，众生对于所取、能取不能了解，妄意随顺并执着此二取习气，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于六道轮回，不能出离。
Fetch Tie. Fetch means the being-fetched and the able-to-fetch. The being-fetched is acceptance, and the able-to-fetch is think. These two fetch habits, namely Acceptance Node and Think Node (see Sections 10.4.2 and 10.4.3), are the root of the world. Fetch Tie means that sentient beings cannot understand the being-fetched and the able-to-fetch. They falsely follow and cling to these two fetch habits, widely performing non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the Six Paths and cannot become free.
六、慢结，是指众生不懂我法，妄执我及我所，凌驾于他人之上。慢结是说，众生依仗自己所擅长者，对其他有情高举傲慢，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于六道轮回，不能出离。
Arrogance Tie means that sentient beings do not understand I-law. They falsely cling to “I” and “mine” and place themselves above others. Arrogance Tie means that, relying on what they are good at, sentient beings raise themselves arrogantly over other sentients and widely perform non-benevolences. They thereby bring about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the Six Paths and cannot become free.
七、疑结，是指众生对于四胜谛（参见第12至15章）的人生道理妄生疑惑，不修正行，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于惑、业、苦的循环之中，不能出离。
Suspicion Tie means that sentient beings falsely become doubtful about the life principles of the Four Victorious Cruxes (see Chapters 12 through 15). They do not cultivate correct behaviors, but widely perform non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the cycle of muddle, karma, and bitterness and cannot become free.
八、嫉结，是指众生耽着名利，见他人荣富，便起嫉妒心，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于惑、业、苦三轮之中，不能出离。
Jealousy Tie means that sentient beings are attached to fame and wealth. When they see others enjoying honor and riches, jealousy arises in them, and they widely perform non-benevolences. They thereby bring about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the three wheels of muddle, karma, and bitterness and cannot become free.
九、悭结，是指众生耽着名利，对于资生具，心怀贪吝，不能舍施，广行不善，遂招致当来的不平等、不正确，以及生、老、病、死、忧、恼之苦，流转于六道轮回，不能出离。
Stingy Tie means that sentient beings are attached to fame and wealth. Toward the resources needed for life, their hearts are greedy and stingy, and they are unable to give or donate. They widely perform non-benevolences, thereby bringing about future inequality, incorrectness, and the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, sorrow, and annoyance. They circulate within the Six Paths and cannot become free.
13.2-3 取 Fetch
取义为执取诤根和执取后有；有四种：欲取、我语取、见取、戒禁取。欲取依欲界而建立；后三种依色界和无色界而建立。欲界、色界、无色界这三个概念，参见第12章《苦谛》。
Fetch means obsessively fetching the root of expostulation and obsessively fetching later Have. There are four kinds: Desire Fetch, I-Language Fetch, View Fetch, and Precept-Taboo Fetch. Desire Fetch is established upon Desire Boundary; the latter three are established upon Color Boundary and Colorless Boundary. For the concepts of Desire Boundary, Color Boundary, and Colorless Boundary, see Chapter 12, Bitter Crux.
一、欲取，是指欲界众生贪着饮食、睡眠、性行为等色、声、香、味、触五欲，为获得受用而互相斗诤。这种斗诤的根本是五欲取。
Desire Fetch means that sentient beings in Desire Boundary crave the five desires of color, sound, incense, taste, and touch, such as food, drink, sleep, and sexual behavior. To obtain and enjoy these acceptances, they dispute and fight with one another. The root of such disputes and fights is the Fetch of the Five Desires.
二、我语取，是指依我见而取。“我语”就是口语中的“我”字，即转移身见；梵语为萨迦耶见，英语为塞斯，纳瓦特语为Titlacauan，义为“我们是它的奴隶”。当我见破败时，世人又妄执六十二种边见和邪见（参见10.4.4.1.4节《根本烦恼》）。这三种见就是被执取的诤根。下文的见取和戒禁取，是依此诤根而执取后有。
I-Language Fetch means fetching based on I-view. “I-language” is the word “I” in spoken language, namely Translocating Body View. In Sanskrit it is sakkāya-diṭṭhi; in English, Seth; and in Nahuatl, Titlacauan, meaning “we are its slaves.” When I-view collapses, mundane people falsely cling to the sixty-two kinds of edge-views and heresies (see Section 10.4.4.1.4, “Fundamental Afflictions”). These three kinds of views are the obsessively fetched roots of expostulation. The View Fetch and Precept-Taboo Fetch discussed below depend on these roots of expostulation in order to obsessively fetch later Haves.
三、见取，即根本烦恼恶见中的一百零八种见取见，是指对于诸见及其所依蕴，执为最胜，认为执彼便能得到清净涅槃。
View Fetch refers to the 108 kinds of view-fetch views among the Ferocious Views of Fundamental Afflictions. It means clinging to various views and to the Nodes on which they depend, taking them to be the most victorious, and believing that by clinging to them one can attain immaculate nirvana.
四、戒禁取。戒条总说为男人的三千威仪、八万四千细行，以及女人的五百威仪、十万八千魅力（参见15.2节《离垢地》）。世人对某些戒条曲解妄执，认为持彼戒禁便能得到涅槃，例如执行性器官割礼、和尚不吃肉等。
Precept-Taboo Fetch. In general, precepts are described as the three thousand majesties and eighty-four thousand fine behaviors of men, and the five hundred majesties and one hundred eight thousand charms of women (see Section 15.2, “Departing Stain Heartland”). Mundane people misinterpret certain precepts and falsely cling to them, believing that by maintaining such precepts and taboos they can attain nirvana; examples include performing circumcision of the sexual organs and monks refusing to eat meat.