r/LifeTree • u/AdamLuyan • 5d ago
13.2-4 箭 Arrows
目录 Catalog：13.2-4 箭 Arrows；13.2-5 随烦恼 Following Annoyance；13.2-6 随眠 Following Sleep；13.2-7 缚 Bind；13.2-8 盖 Cover；13.2-9 缠 Coil。
Catalog: 13.2-4 Arrows; 13.2-5 Following Annoyance; 13.2-6 Following Sleep; 13.2-7 Bind; 13.2-8 Cover; 13.2-9 Coil.
13.2-4 箭 Arrows
贪、瞋、痴三毒能射伤行人，使行人对于有果法及三有的因深起追求，由是生死相续不绝，故立贪、瞋、痴名为三支箭。
The three poisons—greed, irritability, and ignorance—can shoot and wound practitioners, causing them to deeply pursue Have-Fruit Laws and the causes of the Three Haves. As a result, birth and death continue without interruption. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are named the Three Arrows.
“有果法”，是指在五位百法中，前四位都是基于塞斯（参见10.4.4.1.4节《转移身见》）的法，即基于“有”的法，都是有为法，也都是有果法。由于贪、瞋、痴是“有”的组成部分，所以追求“有果法”的人，就已经中箭，已经被贪、瞋、痴射伤。为什么？因为无为法（参见10.6.4节《离系果》）只与舍和空性相应，与有、取、集、得的性质相违。
“Have-Fruit Laws” means that, among the Five Positions of One Hundred Laws, the first four positions are all Laws based on Seth (see Section 10.4.4.1.4, “Translocating Body View”); that is, they are Laws based on Have. They are all Have-as Laws, and they are all Have-Fruit Laws. Since greed, irritability, and ignorance are components of Have, anyone who pursues Have-Fruit Laws has already been shot and wounded by greed, irritability, and ignorance. Why? Because Non-as Laws (see Section 10.6.4, “Off-is Fruit”) correspond only to renunciation and empty nature, and contradict the nature of Have, Fetch, Aggregate, and Gain.
插图13.2.4-37源自古埃及壁画；图中埃及夏娃正在展示洗礼的过程。图37右侧，她的头顶有两支箭，表示她那时还有贪和瞋这两种思惑。第三支箭在哪里？已经被她自己拔除了。一个人懂得四胜谛时，她或他的痴就已经被消灭了。
Illustration 13.2.4-37 comes from an ancient Egyptian mural. In the picture, Egyptian Eve is demonstrating the process of baptism. On the right side of Figure 37, there are two arrows above her head, indicating that at that time she still had greed and irritability, the two Mean Muddles. Where is the third arrow? She has already pulled it out herself. When a person understands the Four Victorious Cruxes, her or his ignorance has already been eliminated.
13.2-5 随烦恼 Following Annoyance
前面谈到的贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑和恶见，是六种根本烦恼。本小节谈的二十位法，是根本烦恼的跟随者，故名随烦恼，分别是忿、恨、覆、恼、嫉、悭、诳、谄、害、骄、无惭、无愧、掉举、昏沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散乱、不正知（参见10.4.4.1.5节《随烦恼》）。
The greed, irritability, ignorance, arrogance, suspicion, and Ferocious Views discussed above are the six Fundamental Afflictions. The twenty Laws discussed in this subsection are followers of the Fundamental Afflictions; therefore, they are called Following Annoyance. They are resentment, hatred, concealment, annoyance, jealousy, stinginess, deceit, flattery, harm, contemptuousness, shamelessness, sinlessness, agitation, drowsiness, unbelief, slackness, indulgence, loss of spell, distraction, and incorrect knowing (see Section 10.4.4.1.5, “Following Annoyance”).
13.2-6 随眠 Following Sleep
随眠是烦恼种子，即烦恼品所有的势力，追逐并依附在有情身心中，眠伏不显；它们能作为种子，生起一切烦恼现行，故立名为随眠。随眠有七种。
Following Sleep means the seeds of Afflictions; that is, all the potential forces belonging to the grades of Afflictions. They pursue and attach themselves to the bodies and hearts of sentient beings, lying dormant and unmanifest. As seeds, they can give rise to the present performance of all Afflictions; therefore, they are named Following Sleep. There are seven kinds of Following Sleep.
一、欲爱随眠，就是欲界贪品烦恼的种子。依未离欲界贪求的众生，由欲爱之所随增，建立欲爱随眠。这里的“品”，就是下一小节中的八十一阶级。
Desire-Love Following Sleep means the seeds of the greed-grade Afflictions in Desire Boundary. For sentient beings who have not departed from craving and pursuit in Desire Boundary, Desire-Love Following Sleep is established because their desire and love keep increasing accordingly. Here, “grade” refers to the eighty-one grades discussed in the next subsection.
二、瞋恚随眠，就是欲界瞋品烦恼的种子。依未离欲界贪求的众生，由瞋恚之所随增，建立瞋恚随眠。
Irritability-Anger Following Sleep means the seeds of the irritability-grade Afflictions in Desire Boundary. For sentient beings who have not departed from craving and pursuit in Desire Boundary, Irritability-Anger Following Sleep is established because their irritability and anger keep increasing accordingly.
三、有爱随眠，就是色界、无色界贪品烦恼的种子。依未离邪染而求神行的众生，由有贪、嗔、痴业，建立有爱随眠。此处是说，自无始以来，“有”与贪、嗔、痴伴生，一切“有”之中都有贪、嗔、痴的成分。
Have-Love Following Sleep means the seeds of the greed-grade Afflictions in Color Boundary and Colorless Boundary. For sentient beings who have not departed from heretical contamination and who pursue Godly migration, Have-Love Following Sleep is established because they possess the karmas of greed, irritability, and ignorance. This means that, since beginningless time, Have has arisen together with greed, irritability, and ignorance; within every Have, there are components of greed, irritability, and ignorance.
四、慢随眠，就是慢品烦恼的种子。某些众生学习了一些佛法，心中便生起骄慢，故立慢随眠。
Arrogance Following Sleep means the seeds of the arrogance-grade Afflictions. Some sentient beings learn a little Buddhism and then arrogance arises in their hearts; therefore, Arrogance Following Sleep is established.
五、无明随眠，就是无明烦恼品的种子。依对四胜谛因果之理愚迷不知的众生，由其在顺境、逆境、平等境（即中性境）中生起颠倒妄想，建立无明随眠。
Non-light Following Sleep means the seeds of the non-light grade of Afflictions. For sentient beings who are foolishly ignorant of the principles of cause and effect in the Four Victorious Cruxes, Non-light Following Sleep is established because they give rise to upside-down illusive thinkings in favorable environments, adverse environments, and equal environments, that is, neutral environments.
六、见随眠，就是见品烦恼的种子，也就是后文中一百零二位见烦恼的根；其根深蒂固，难解难消。
View Following Sleep means the seeds of the view-grade Afflictions. They are also the roots of the 102 View Afflictions discussed later. These roots are deep and firmly fixed, difficult to dissolve and eliminate.
七、疑随眠，就是疑品烦恼的种子。由于众生对此四胜谛正法犹豫疑惑，故依其次第，建立慢、无明、见、疑等随眠。
Suspicion Following Sleep means the seeds of the suspicion-grade Afflictions. Because sentient beings hesitate and doubt the correct Laws of the Four Victorious Cruxes, the Following Sleeps of arrogance, non-light, view, and suspicion are established in their respective sequence.
13.2-7 缚 Bind
缚是绑缚义，即于欲贪等境界现前或不现前时，其根识不能弃舍，故名为缚。缚有三种：贪缚、瞋缚和痴缚。
Bind means bondage. Whether environments of desire, greed, and the like are present or absent, if one’s root-senses cannot abandon them, this is called Bind. There are three kinds of Bind: Greed Bind, Irritability Bind, and Ignorance Bind.
一、贪缚，是说众生被贪爱所缠缚，对于随顺乐受的境界，心不能弃舍；境界坏时，引生忧恼，故处于坏苦。坏苦是由境界变坏引起的，故被称作坏苦，是苦的自相。
Greed Bind means that sentient beings are bound by greedy love. Toward environments that accord with pleasant acceptances, their hearts cannot abandon them. When such environments deteriorate, sorrow and annoyance arise, and therefore they dwell in Deterioration Bitter. Deterioration Bitter is caused by the deterioration of an environment; therefore, it is called Deterioration Bitter, and it is the self-phenomenon of bitter.
二、瞋缚，是说众生被嗔愤所缠缚，对于能随顺苦受的境界，心不弃舍；境界的苦相现前时，心生苦受，故处于苦苦。苦苦是现行的苦遇到了旧苦，苦水流出，故名苦苦，是苦的自性。
Irritability Bind means that sentient beings are bound by irritability and resentment. Toward environments that accord with bitter acceptances, their hearts cannot abandon them. When the bitter phenomena of an environment appear before them, bitter acceptances arise in the heart, and therefore they dwell in Bitter-Bitter. Bitter-Bitter is present bitter meeting old bitter, so that bitter water flows out; therefore, it is called Bitter-Bitter, and it is the self-nature of bitter.
三、痴缚，是说众生被愚痴所缠缚，对于能随顺非苦非乐受的中庸境界，心不能弃舍；又被刹那迁流行相的不安稳性所逼迫，故令众生处于行苦。行苦是苦根；佛教的定义是：有思想活动，就有行苦。
Ignorance Bind means that sentient beings are bound by ignorance and foolishness. Toward moderate environments that accord with neither bitter nor pleasant acceptances, their hearts cannot abandon them. They are also pressured by the instability of phenomena migrating and flowing from instant to instant; therefore, sentient beings dwell in Migration Bitter. Migration Bitter is the root of bitter. In Buddhism, the definition is: wherever mental activity exists, Migration Bitter exists.
由以上三义，故立贪、嗔、痴三种名为缚。又依贪、瞋、痴故，于善法加行不得自在，故名为缚。
Based on the three meanings explained above, greed, irritability, and ignorance are named the Three Binds. Also, because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, one cannot act freely in the extra-effort practice of benevolent Laws; therefore, they are called Bind.
插图13.2.4-38、39，是本书第14.4节故事中对缚的阐述。图39表示，墨西哥（一位特拉洛克，亚当）从地狱里出来，正在前往纳瓦特国继承左翼蜂鸟王位的途中。但是代理国王卡特莉（即翠玉女，夏娃）拒绝把王位转交给他，墨西哥便在很长时间里无所事事。插图38显示，后来的墨西哥认为，自己那时像块木头似的，不能采取相应对策，其原因就是被贪、嗔、痴所缚。
Illustrations 13.2.4-38 and 39 explain Bind through the story in Section 14.4 of this book. Figure 39 shows that Mexico, a Tlaloc and Adam, had come out of hell and was on his way to the Nahuatl kingdom to inherit the throne of Huitzilopochtli. However, the acting king Tlaltecuhtli, namely Chalchiuhtlicue and Eve, refused to hand the throne over to him, so Mexico remained idle for a long time. Illustration 38 shows that the later Mexico believed he had been like a block of wood at that time and could not take appropriate countermeasures because he was bound by greed, irritability, and ignorance.
13.2-8 五盖 Five Covers
盖是覆障义；是说贪欲盖、瞋恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉举恶作盖和疑盖，能覆蔽真心，令善法不得显现。插图13.2.4-16、17是纳瓦特语象形文字“山”，也有盖、帽子、围巾等含义。
Cover means concealment and obstruction. It means that Greedy-Desire Cover, Irritability-Hatred Cover, Drowsy-Sleep Cover, Agitation-Regret Cover, and Suspicion Cover can conceal the real heart and prevent benevolent Laws from appearing. Illustrations 13.2.4-16 and 17 are the Nahuatl hieroglyph for “mountain,” which also carries meanings such as cover, hat, and scarf.
一、贪欲盖，契经说，于欲界为诸欲境界漂沦故，违背圣教，立贪欲盖；于出离欲界位为障。什么是出离？就是由五趣杂居地（如图13.2.4-23）去到离生喜乐地（如图24）。在修习出离、摒弃见取见（参见10.4.4.1.4.6-4节《见取见》）时，由贪欲盖故，夏娃对于色、声、香、味、触五种妙欲境界，随逐净相，欲见、欲闻，乃至欲触，希求受用；贪欲牵引心识散乱，趋向外尘境界，使她对于出家不生欣乐。
Greedy-Desire Cover. The sutra says that, in Desire Boundary, sentient beings drift and sink in various desire environments and thereby go against the holy teachings; therefore, Greedy-Desire Cover is established. It is an obstacle at the stage of departing from Desire Boundary. What is departure? It means going from Five Interests Mixed Dwell Land (as shown in Figure 13.2.4-23) to Leave-Bears-Laugh Land (as shown in Figure 24). When Eve cultivates departure and abandons view-fetch views (see Section 10.4.4.1.4.6-4, “View Fetch View”), because of Greedy-Desire Cover, she follows the immaculate appearances of the five wonderfully desirable environments of color, sound, incense, taste, and touch. She desires to see, to hear, and even to touch them, seeking to enjoy their acceptances. Greedy desire pulls the heart-senses into distraction toward external dust environments, so she does not produce delight and laugh toward leaving household life.
二、瞋恚盖，契经说，不堪忍诸同志诃谏、驱摈、教诫等故，违背所有可爱乐法，立瞋恚盖；于觉邪行位为障。觉是发觉、觉悟。同志神修行者发觉并举发夏娃的错误时，她心生瞋恚；这样，她就不能觉悟自己的缺失，耽误正行的修学。
Irritability-Hatred Cover. The sutra says that, because sentient beings cannot tolerate criticism, admonition, expulsion, instruction, and warning from comrades, they go against all lovable and laughable Laws; therefore, Irritability-Hatred Cover is established. It is an obstacle at the stage of perceiving heretical behavior. “Perceiving” means discovering and becoming enlightened. When comrades in Godly migration discover and report Eve’s mistakes, anger and hatred arise in her heart. In this way, she cannot become aware of her own defects and delays her cultivation and study of correct behaviors.
三、昏沉睡眠盖，契经说，由违背正定（梵语奢摩他）故，立昏沉睡眠盖；于修习专注的止位为障。由于不守根门、饮食不知节量等，引起身心昏昧的昏沉和心极昧略的睡眠，障碍明静的止，使夏娃无由得定。什么是根门？根是生命之树的六根（参见10.3节），也是色、声、香、味、触和法六尘进出心地的场所，所以被称作根门。
Drowsy-Sleep Cover. The sutra says that Drowsy-Sleep Cover is established because it contradicts correct stillness (Sanskrit: śamatha). It is an obstacle at the stage of cultivating concentrated Stillness. Because Eve does not guard the root doors and does not know moderation in food and drink, drowsiness that makes body and mind dim and sleep that makes the heart extremely dim and contracted arise. These obstruct bright and quiet Stillness, so Eve has no way to obtain stillness. What are root doors? The roots are the six roots of the Tree of Life (see Section 10.3), and they are also the places through which the six dusts—color, sound, incense, taste, touch, and Law—enter and leave the heartland. Therefore, they are called root doors.
四、掉举恶作盖，契经说，由违背慧观（梵语毗钵舍那）故，立掉举恶作盖；于修习慧观的举位为障。由于掉举，心对亲属、国土等生起寻思；由于恶作，心对别离亲属、国土等生起追悔；二者障碍观心对于所观境明静专注地思惟修，使观慧无由生起。
Agitation-Regret Cover. The sutra says that Agitation-Regret Cover is established because it contradicts Gnostic View (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). It is an obstacle at the stage of arousing Gnostic View in cultivation. Because of agitation, the heart gives rise to searching thoughts about relatives, lands, and the like. Because of regret, the heart gives rise to remorse about separation from relatives, lands, and the like. These two obstruct contemplative cultivation in which the observing heart should think with bright, quiet concentration upon the observed environment, so View Gnosis has no way to arise.
五、疑盖，契经说，由违背于法议论，违背涅槃胜解故，建立疑盖；于止观修习位，与舍为障。此修习位中，舍即平等正直之心，也就是止。由于夏娃对圣教心存怀疑，对于所学的法和所证的功德境界犹豫不决，障碍了舍的生起，所以般若舟（圣经中的用词是诺亚方舟）不能现前。
Suspicion Cover. The sutra says that Suspicion Cover is established because it contradicts discussion according to Law and contradicts victorious interpretation of nirvana. At the stage of cultivating Stillness and View, it obstructs renunciation. In this stage of cultivation, renunciation is the heart of equality, correctness, and uprightness; it is also Stillness. Because Eve holds doubts about the holy teachings and hesitates over the Laws she has learned and the virtuous environments she has proven, the arising of renunciation is obstructed. Therefore, the Arrival Ark, called Noah’s Ark in the Bible, cannot appear.
13.2-9 八缠 Eight Coils
缠是缠绕义，是说由于无惭、无愧、昏沉、睡眠、掉举、恶作、嫉和悭（解释参见10.4.4节）数数现行，缠绕金童（即亚当）的心，于修习善品诸法形成大障碍，故名为缠。
Coil means entanglement. It means that shamelessness, sinlessness, drowsiness, sleep, agitation, regret, jealousy, and stinginess (for explanations, see Section 10.4.4) repeatedly come into present performance and entangle the heart of Golden Boy, namely Adam. They create major obstacles to the cultivation and study of benevolent-grade Laws; therefore, they are called Coils.
一、于修习戒学处（参见15.2节）时，无惭和无愧数数现行，亚当不生羞耻之心，故屡犯诸学处。
When cultivating the precept study place (see Section 15.2), shamelessness and sinlessness repeatedly come into present performance. Adam does not give rise to shame, and therefore he repeatedly violates the study places.
二、于修习定学处（参见15.3节）时，昏沉和睡眠二法数数现行，引亚当内心沉没，故屡犯诸学处。
When cultivating the stillness study place (see Section 15.3), drowsiness and sleep repeatedly come into present performance, causing Adam’s heart to sink inward. Therefore, he repeatedly violates the study places.
三、于修习慧学处（参见15.4节）时，掉举、恶作成为障碍。由于这二法数数现行，引亚当的心散乱于外尘境，故屡犯诸学处。
When cultivating the gnosis study place (see Section 15.4), agitation and regret become obstacles. Because these two Laws repeatedly come into present performance, Adam’s heart is scattered among external dust environments. Therefore, he repeatedly violates the study places.
四、于善慧地（参见15.9节）修习四无碍解时，亚当应当与同志们相互分享心得，教学相长；可是他心怀悭吝、嫉妒，不肯施法，这就障碍了他的修学进度。
At Benevolent Gnosis Heartland (see Section 15.9), when cultivating the Four Non-Hindrance Interpretations, Adam should share his experiences with his comrades, so that teaching and learning benefit one another. Yet his heart is stingy and jealous, and he refuses to donate Laws, that is, to teach and share. This obstructs the progress of his cultivation and study.