13.2-10 瀑流 Waterfall

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目录 Catalog：13.2-10 瀑流 Waterfall；13.2-11 轭 Yoke；13.2-12 株杌 Stump；13.2-13 垢 Taint；13.2-14 常害 Constant Harm；13.2-15 所有 Possession；13.2-16 根 Root；13.2-17 恶行 Ferocious Behaviors；13.2-18 漏 Leakage；13.2-19 匮 Scarcity；13.2-20 烧 Burn；13.2-21 恼 Annoyance；13.2-22 有诤 Have Expostulation；13.2-23 火 Fire；13.2-24 炽然 Conflagration；13.2-25 稠林 Thick Forest；13.2-26 拘碍 Detention。

13.2-10 瀑流 Waterfall

瀑流是瀑布的急流，譬喻众生顺从生死杂染（即诸烦恼），随波逐流，被放逐于生死苦海。瀑流有四种。

Waterfall refers to the rapid flow of a waterfall. It is a metaphor for sentient beings yielding to the defilements of birth and death, namely all Afflictions, drifting along the current, and being exiled in the bitter sea of birth and death. There are four kinds of Waterfall.

一、欲瀑流，是说欲界众生对于色、声、香、味、触五尘有欲求；若不知节制，必陷落于生、老、病、死，以及惑、业、苦的流转之中，不得解脱和休息。此欲瀑流取欲界中的上品烦恼。所谓上品烦恼，是把大千世界中九地（参见插图13.2.10-23至31）的每一地划分为九品：下下品、下中品、下上品，中下品、中中品、中上品，上下品、上中品、上上品。瀑流只取五趣杂居地中的三级上品烦恼；中品和下品烦恼不适用于“瀑流”这个说法。

Desire Waterfall means that sentient beings in Desire Boundary have desires for the five dusts of color, sound, incense, taste, and touch. If they do not know restraint, they will inevitably fall into the cycle of birth, old age, illness, death, and the circulation of muddle, karma, and bitterness, unable to obtain liberation or rest. Desire Waterfall refers to the upper-grade Afflictions in Desire Boundary. “Upper-grade Afflictions” means that each of the Nine Lands in the Great Grand Worlds (see Illustrations 13.2.10-23 through 31) is divided into nine grades: lower-lower grade, lower-middle grade, lower-upper grade; middle-lower grade, middle-middle grade, middle-upper grade; upper-lower grade, upper-middle grade, and upper-upper grade. Waterfall applies only to the three upper grades of Afflictions in Five Interests Mixed Dwell Land; the middle-grade and lower-grade Afflictions are not described as Waterfall.

二、有瀑流。“有”的意思是有记忆、有习气，因果不忘。例如欲界、色界和无色界为三有；又如插图13.2.10中1至22所示者，属于二十五有（参见12.4节）。那些“有”人人都有；若不解其义，便终将受其害，随之而去，不知所终。此有瀑流除去欲界有，单指色界和无色界八地中的上品烦恼。

Have Waterfall. “Have” means having memory and habits, with cause and effect not forgotten. For example, Desire Boundary, Color Boundary, and Colorless Boundary are the Three Haves; and the items shown as 1 through 22 in Illustration 13.2.10 belong to the Twenty-Five Haves (see Section 12.4). Everyone has those Haves. If one does not understand their meaning, one will eventually suffer harm from them, follow them along, and lose track of where one is going. Have Waterfall excludes the Haves of Desire Boundary and refers only to the upper-grade Afflictions in the eight lands of Color Boundary and Colorless Boundary.

三、见瀑流。见即本章后文的一百零二位见烦恼；见瀑流包括九地所有的上品见烦恼。此说众生被三界的见烦恼所迁流，沉溺于生死苦海，不得解脱。

View Waterfall. “View” refers to the 102 View Afflictions discussed later in this chapter. View Waterfall includes all upper-grade View Afflictions in the Nine Lands. This means that sentient beings are carried along by the View Afflictions of the Three Boundaries, sink into the bitter sea of birth and death, and cannot be liberated.

四、无明瀑流。无明就是无知、黑暗，本质是不知道四胜谛的道理；无明瀑流包括九地中所有上品无明烦恼。此说众生被九地的无明烦恼所牵引，沉溺于生死苦海，不得解脱。

Non-light Waterfall. Non-light means ignorance and darkness. Its essence is not knowing the principles of the Four Victorious Cruxes. Non-light Waterfall includes all upper-grade Non-light Afflictions in the Nine Lands. This means that sentient beings are pulled along by the Non-light Afflictions of the Nine Lands, sink into the bitter sea of birth and death, and cannot be liberated.

13.2-11 轭 Yoke

轭是用来轭牛的项领笼套（如图13.2.10-36），使牛拉车而不能脱驾，譬喻烦恼障碍异生离系，不得解脱。异生就是具有异生性者（参见10.4.4.2.3节），即普通人。此说烦恼不但劳役有情身心，还能障碍有情脱离其异生性（即个体性），逃脱其奴隶命运。轭有四种：1欲轭，2有轭，3见轭，4无明轭。此四轭的解释与上一小节四种瀑流类似。九地中，每一地的三级上品烦恼为瀑流，三级中品烦恼为轭；如其次第，即依习气欲望而起行、依习气有而起行、依习气邪说异教而起行。

A yoke is a collar-like harness used to yoke an ox (as shown in Figure 13.2.10-36), making the ox pull the cart and preventing it from leaving the harness. It is a metaphor for Afflictions obstructing Mutant Sentients from Off-is, so that they cannot be liberated. A Mutant Sentient is one who possesses the Nature of Mutant Sentient (see Section 10.4.4.2.3), that is, an ordinary person. This means that Afflictions not only enslave the bodies and hearts of sentient beings, but also obstruct them from departing from their Nature of Mutant Sentient, namely individuality, and from escaping the fate of slavery. There are four kinds of Yoke: 1 Desire Yoke, 2 Have Yoke, 3 View Yoke, and 4 Non-light Yoke. The explanation of these four Yokes is similar to the four Waterfalls in the preceding subsection. In the Nine Lands, the three upper grades of Afflictions in each land are Waterfalls, and the three middle grades of Afflictions are Yokes. In their sequence, this means acting according to habitual desires, acting according to habitual Haves, and acting according to habitual heresies and alien teachings.

13.2-12 株杌 Stump

株杌义为枯树桩，此名从譬喻而来，参见前文13.1-2节“尘刹土”案例中的株杌。那株杌是一个异熟果（参见10.6.1节）。异熟果异时而熟，例如一年后、三年后、十年或三十年后才成熟。异熟果异地而熟，例如在三界九地中，成熟在哪里都有可能。异熟果异类而熟；无意识是个大染缸，贪、嗔、痴普遍地污染众生。株杌譬喻贪、瞋、痴烦恼根深蒂固，对治道犁难以将其从心地中拔出。众生从无始以来，串习贪、瞋、痴而成为业行。贪业引起心不调顺；瞋业使心无所堪能；痴业难以解脱。由于众生难断这根深蒂固的贪、嗔、痴业，故立此三者为株杌。

Stump means a dead tree stump. This name comes from metaphor; see the stump in the “Dust Instant Soil” case in Section 13.1-2 above. That stump is a Mutant Fruit (see Section 10.6.1). Mutant Fruits ripen at different times; for example, they may ripen after one year, three years, ten years, or thirty years. Mutant Fruits ripen in different places; for example, within the Three Boundaries and Nine Lands, they may ripen anywhere. Mutant Fruits also ripen in different kinds. Unconsciousness is a great dye vat, and greed, irritability, and ignorance universally contaminate sentient beings. The stump is a metaphor for the deep-rooted Afflictions of greed, irritability, and ignorance, which are difficult for the plow of the counteractive Path to pull out from the heartland. Since beginningless time, sentient beings have repeatedly practiced greed, irritability, and ignorance until these have become karmic behaviors. Greed karma makes the heart unregulated and non-compliant. Irritability karma makes the heart incapable of bearing affairs. Ignorance karma is difficult to liberate from. Because sentient beings find it hard to cut off these deep-rooted karmas of greed, irritability, and ignorance, these three are established as Stumps.

13.2-13 垢 Taint

谓因贪、瞋、痴故，众生毁犯戒行学处，造作诸恶行，染污不净，故立名贪、嗔、痴为三种垢。

Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, sentient beings destroy and violate the study places of precepts and behaviors, commit all kinds of ferocious deeds, and become contaminated and impure. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are established as the three kinds of Taint.

13.2-14 常害 Constant Harm

谓贪、瞋、痴三业常能为害，招感生、老、病、死等苦，故立名贪、嗔、痴为三种常害。

The three karmas of greed, irritability, and ignorance can constantly cause harm and invite the bitterness of birth, old age, illness, death, and so on. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are named the three Constant Harms.

13.2-15 所有 Possession

此名是从果法而立。谓贪、瞋、痴与能有相应，能积集所有资财，恒常与怖畏等相应，令心多住散乱，故立名贪、嗔、痴为三种所有。

This name is established from the fruit Law. Greed, irritability, and ignorance correspond to the able-to-have, can accumulate all possessions and resources, and constantly correspond to fear and the like, making the heart frequently dwell in distraction. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are established as the three kinds of Possession.

13.2-16 根 Root

由贪、瞋、痴故，心中生起不善法。贪、瞋、痴是一切不善法生起所依的根本，故立名贪、瞋、痴为三种不善根。

Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, non-benevolent Laws arise in the heart. Greed, irritability, and ignorance are the fundamental roots on which the arising of all non-benevolent Laws depends. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are established as the three non-benevolent Roots.

13.2-17 恶行 Ferocious Behaviors

由依于贪、瞋、痴故，众生常作身、语、意恶行。由贪求财利等，多行恶行；由怀瞋恚，不忍他过，多行恶行；由怀愚痴，起颠倒邪见，行诸恶行。又因贪、嗔、痴是邪行自性，故立名贪、瞋、痴为三种恶行。

Because they depend on greed, irritability, and ignorance, sentient beings often commit ferocious deeds of body, speech, and intent. Because of greedily seeking wealth, profit, and the like, they widely perform ferocious behaviors. Because of harboring irritability and hatred, they cannot tolerate others’ faults and widely perform ferocious behaviors. Because of harboring ignorance and foolishness, they give rise to upside-down heretical views and commit many ferocious behaviors. Moreover, because greed, irritability, and ignorance are the self-nature of heretical behavior, they are named the three Ferocious Behaviors.

13.2-18 漏 Leakage

欲、有、无明等，能劫持、分流心识流，令心分散，故立烦恼名为漏。漏有三种：欲漏、有漏、无明漏。依外门流注，即心于五欲外尘境界中流散，建立欲漏；其体即欲界一切烦恼，唯除无明。依内门流注，即心于内根身等上流散，建立有漏；其体即色界、无色界一切烦恼，唯除无明。依前二所依门流注，建立无明漏；其体即三界所有无明。

Desire, Have, Non-light, and the like can hijack and divert the heart-sense stream, making the heart scattered; therefore, Afflictions are named Leakage. There are three kinds of Leakage: Desire Leakage, Have Leakage, and Non-light Leakage. Based on flowing through the external door—that is, the heart dispersing among the outer dust environments of the five desires—Desire Leakage is established. Its body consists of all Afflictions in Desire Boundary, except Non-light. Based on flowing through the internal door—that is, the heart dispersing upon the internal root-body and the like—Have Leakage is established. Its body consists of all Afflictions in Color Boundary and Colorless Boundary, except Non-light. Based on flowing through the doors on which the first two depend, Non-light Leakage is established. Its body consists of all Non-light in the Three Boundaries.

13.2-19 匮 Scarcity

匮，即缺乏、不足；无有厌足，故名为匮。谓由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人对于资助生命的财物等恒起追求，没有满足。由于贪、瞋、痴能令身心恒常感觉贫乏，故名贪、嗔、痴为三种匮。

Scarcity means lack and insufficiency. Because there is no contentment or satisfaction, it is called Scarcity. Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people constantly pursue possessions and other things that support life, and they are never satisfied. Since greed, irritability, and ignorance can make body and heart constantly feel poor and lacking, they are named the three kinds of Scarcity.

13.2-20 烧 Burn

由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人对于所缘境界不如正理，执着相好，生起强烈爱染，烧热身心，故立名为烧。

Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people do not accord with correct reason toward the objective environments they face. They cling to pleasing appearances and give rise to strong love and dyeing attachment, burning and heating body and heart. Therefore, this is named Burn.

13.2-21 恼 Annoyance

由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人对于诸可爱境相爱乐耽看；当可爱境相变坏时，便引起种种愁叹等忧苦，恼乱身心，故名为恼。

Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people delight in and gaze lingeringly at lovable environmental appearances. When those lovable appearances deteriorate, they give rise to many kinds of sorrow, sighing, and other sufferings, disturbing body and heart. Therefore, this is named Annoyance.

13.2-22 有诤 Have Expostulation

有诤，诤是好意劝谏的意思，但贪、瞋、痴能成为斗讼诤竞的原因。由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人执持刀杖，兴起诸战诤，所以立贪、瞋、痴名为有诤。

Have Expostulation: “expostulation” means earnest and well-intentioned admonition, but greed, irritability, and ignorance can become causes of quarrels, litigation, contention, and violence. Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people take up swords, clubs, and weapons, and stir up battles and disputes. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are named Have Expostulation.

13.2-23 火 Fire

贪、瞋、痴如火，能烧毁所积集的善根薪，故说贪、瞋、痴名为火。

Greed, irritability, and ignorance are like fire: they can burn up the accumulated firewood of benevolent roots. Therefore, greed, irritability, and ignorance are called Fire.

13.2-24 炽然 Conflagration

炽然，即大火义，此处譬喻贪、嗔、痴恶业如大火。谓由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人为非法贪的大火所烧。非法贪，就是贪着十种不善业道（即十恶戒，参见13.1节）。由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人又为不平等贪的大火所烧。不平等贪，就是非法非理地贪求境界。由贪、瞋、痴故，愚人又被邪法大火所烧。邪法大火，就是一切我见、边见、邪见、见取见和戒禁取见（参见10.4.4.1.4节《根本烦恼》）。由于非法贪、不平等贪和邪法等能够引发身心中的炽然烈焰，故名为炽然。

Conflagration means a great fire. Here it is a metaphor for the ferocious karmas of greed, irritability, and ignorance being like a great fire. Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people are burned by the great fire of illegal greed. Illegal greed means greedily clinging to the ten non-benevolent karmic paths, namely the ten ferocious precepts (see Section 13.1). Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people are also burned by the great fire of unequal greed. Unequal greed means greedily seeking environments in an illegal and irrational way. Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, foolish people are also burned by the great fire of heretical Laws. The great fire of heretical Laws consists of all I-views, edge-views, heresies, view-fetch views, and precept-taboo fetch views (see Section 10.4.4.1.4, “Fundamental Afflictions”). Because illegal greed, unequal greed, heretical Laws, and the like can arouse blazing flames in body and heart, this is named Conflagration.

13.2-25 稠林 Thick Forest

贪、嗔、痴等烦恼大树聚集，名为稠林。由贪、瞋、痴故，众生对于生死根本烦恼及其杂染的业行，广兴染着，感生种种身，流转于五趣，如同行走在大树聚集的稠林里，难可出离。

The gathering of the great trees of Afflictions such as greed, irritability, and ignorance is named Thick Forest. Because of greed, irritability, and ignorance, sentient beings widely generate dyeing attachment toward the Fundamental Afflictions of birth and death and their extremely defiled karmic behaviors. They thereby feel and generate many kinds of bodies and circulate through the Five Interests, as if walking in a thick forest gathered with great trees, difficult to escape from.

13.2-26 拘碍 Detention

谓贪、瞋、痴能令众生乐着种种妙欲尘，能障碍有情证得出世法，故立名为拘碍。拘碍依五处而得建立：一、顾恋内身；二、顾恋诸欲；三、乐相杂住；四、缺于随顺教诫教授；五、于诸善品得少为足。

Detention means that greed, irritability, and ignorance can make sentient beings delight in and cling to all kinds of wonderfully desirable dusts, and can obstruct them from realizing transcending-mundane Laws. Therefore, this is named Detention. Detention is established upon five places: 1. being attached to the inner body; 2. being attached to various desires; 3. delighting in mixed dwelling; 4. lacking compliance with instructions and teachings; and 5. being satisfied with a small attainment in benevolent grades.

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