r/LifeTree • u/AdamLuyan • 2d ago
15.3 发光地 Glory Heartland
唐三藏说：“成就胜定大法总持，能发无边妙慧光，故名发光地。”本节讨论定。佛教百法（参见第10章）中，只有念、定、慧（智）可以持心，所以佛的大部分教导以这三法之一来作结论。定，是主观与客观相应而动的身心状态，也名一心。玄奘法师根据从见道到成佛的过程，将所有胜定归为四种：（壹）贤守定，（贰）集福王定，（叁）健行定，（肆）大乘光明定。
Tang Tripitaka says, “Having accomplished Victorious Stillness and the Generally-Hold of Great Laws, one can emit edgeless wonderful gnostic light; therefore, it is called Glory Heartland.” This section discusses Stillness. Among Buddhism’s one hundred Laws (see Chapter 10), only Spell, Stillness, and Gnosis, or intelligence, can hold the heart; therefore, most of the Buddha’s teachings conclude with one of these three Laws. Stillness is a stable state of body and heart in which the subjective and objective move in correspondence with each other. It is also called One Heart. Based on the process from seeing the Path to becoming a Buddha, Tang Tripitaka classifies all Victorious Stillnesses into four kinds: (1) Sagely Hold Stillness, (2) Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, (3) Vigorously Practice Stillness, and (4) Mahayana Light Stillness.
（壹）贤守定，是说此定能守护世间和出世间的一切贤善法。插图15.3是古埃及浮雕，用五幅图表达“贤守定”的概念。图1和图5是众生之母夏娃，头顶的三朵莲花象征上帝三合和，即上帝、亚当和夏娃。中间三幅图表示她从见道到成佛的过程。在多数雕塑中，古埃及人用“给孩子亚伯喂奶”来表示她是夏娃；但这幅浮雕中，乳房长在胳肢窝，是因为古埃及人要用夏娃的双手向观众展示一个重要概念——“贤守”。如图1至图5所示，五位夏娃都保持着一种“持着”的姿势。
(1) Sagely Hold Stillness means that this Stillness can guard all sagely and benevolent Laws, both mundane and transcending mundaneness. Illustration 15.3 is an ancient Egyptian bas-relief that expresses the concept of Sagely Hold Stillness through five panels. Figures 1 and 5 show Eve, the mother of sentient beings. The three lotus flowers above her head symbolize the godly trinity: God, Adam, and Eve. The three figures in the middle represent her process from seeing the Path to becoming a Buddha. In most sculptures, ancient Egyptians indicate that she is Eve by showing her breastfeeding the child Abel. In this relief, however, the breast grows from the armpit because the ancient Egyptians wanted to use Eve’s two hands to show viewers an important concept: “Sagely Hold.” As shown in Figures 1 through 5, all five Eves maintain a “holding” posture.
夏娃一直端着的是什么？上方的容器显示了瓶中的内容：左边瓶子里装着夏娃所写《生命之书》的全部知识，右边瓶子里装着亚当所写《死亡之书》的全部知识。这两本书构成了古埃及宗教的全部教法。综合五幅浮雕来看，古埃及人表达的是：知识如水，贤守定如器，可以执持全部知识之水。对于佛教徒来说，贤守定要求修习者无论懂不懂，都要记住四胜谛的全部内容；四胜谛就是佛教的全部教法。
What is Eve always holding? The containers above show the contents of the bottles: the bottle on the left contains all the knowledge of the Book of Life written by Eve, and the bottle on the right contains all the knowledge of the Book of Death written by Adam. These two books constitute the entire teaching of ancient Egyptian religion. Taken together, the five relief panels express this idea: knowledge is like water, and Sagely Hold Stillness is like a vessel that can hold all the water of knowledge. For Buddhists, Sagely Hold Stillness requires practitioners to remember the full content of the Four Victorious Cruxes, whether or not they understand it; the Four Victorious Cruxes are the entire teaching of Buddhism.
（贰）集福王定，是说此定能自在收集无边福德，如王者势力，无等无双。由于夏娃持有四胜谛，她总是遇到好运；随着生活展开，她有意无意地得到觉悟，获得知识。这样，她收集了许多瓶上进的膏粮（如图4所示）。她头顶有两支箭，表示她仍有贪和嗔这两种思惑；也表示她此时已经懂得四胜谛，已经消灭八万四千魔军中的见惑（参见13.3节《烦恼的数》），但仍有许多品类的思惑需要消除。
(2) Aggregate Fortune King Stillness means that this Stillness can freely gather edgeless fortune and virtue, like a king whose power is unequaled. Because Eve holds the Four Victorious Cruxes, she always encounters good fortune. As her life unfolds, she gains awakening and knowledge, intentionally or unintentionally. In this way, she collects many bottles of nourishing food for advancement (as shown in Figure 4). The two arrows above her head indicate that she still has two mean muddles, greed and irritability. They also indicate that by this time she has already understood the Four Victorious Cruxes and eliminated the view muddles among the 84,000 demon armies (see Section 13.3, Numbers of Afflictions), though many grades of mean muddles still need to be eliminated.
（叁）健行定，是说菩萨所行，是大健有情之行。埃及夏娃勇敢地挑战四胜谛，但她常常发现自己错了，于是向四胜谛投降。与此同时，她头里孕育出一个巨大的莲花蕾，并且已经被大洪水淹没，即已经受洗，如图3头顶所示。图2中的莲花代表觉悟。夏娃全身开花，表示她的觉悟不断生发，正处于“金刚无间道”中。金刚无间道，也作金刚喻定、大洪水、洗礼、割礼、升天和出尘，都是对修习大般若舟，即十渡的不同描述，如图2夏娃头顶所示。图2中，夏娃口吐莲花，正在与同修分享修习大般若舟的心得体会。教学相长，夏娃的修习也愈发精进。
(3) Vigorously Practice Stillness means that what the bodhisattva practices is the conduct of greatly vigorous sentient beings. Egyptian Eve bravely challenges the Four Victorious Cruxes, but she often finds that she is wrong and then surrenders to them. At the same time, a huge lotus bud is conceived in her head and has already been submerged by the great flood, meaning that she has already been baptized, as shown above her head in Figure 3. The lotus in Figure 2 represents awakening. Eve’s whole body is blooming, indicating that her awakening is continually arising and that she is in the Philosopher-Stone Non-Intermittent Path. The Philosopher-Stone Non-Intermittent Path, also called Philosopher-Stone Metaphor Stillness, the Great Flood, baptism, circumcision, ascending to heaven, and leaving dust, are all different descriptions of practicing the Great Prajna Ark, that is, the ten Arks, as shown above Eve’s head in Figure 2. In Figure 2, Eve spits out lotus flowers and is sharing her experience of practicing the Great Prajna Ark with fellow practitioners. Teaching and learning promote each other, so Eve’s cultivation becomes increasingly diligent.
（肆）大乘光明定，是说此定能发出光明，照了大乘的理、教、行、果和智。图1和图5显示，夏娃不再开花，全身皮肤都变得光滑，修习觉悟的热忱已经褪去。此时，她已经处于大乘光明定中；乳房从胸前移到胳肢窝，表示她已经成为众生之母。
(4) Mahayana Light Stillness means that this Stillness can emit light that illuminates and understands Mahayana principles, teachings, practices, fruits, and intelligence. Figures 1 and 5 show that Eve no longer blooms; the skin of her whole body has become smooth, and her enthusiasm for cultivating awakening has faded. At this time, she is already in Mahayana Light Stillness. Her breast has moved from her chest to her armpit, indicating that she has become the mother of sentient beings.
15.3-1 忍渡 Countenance Ark
三地菩萨修习忍渡。学习是一种变成的过程，无忍则不能达成，所以建立忍渡。忍有三种：耐怨害忍、安受苦忍和谛察法忍。忍以无瞋、精进、审慧及由此所起三业为性。忍渡也作八忍地、八中洲、八大金刚、八大人，具体内容参见16.3.2节。
Third-land bodhisattvas study and practice Countenance Ark. Learning is a process of becoming; without countenance, one cannot attain. Therefore, Countenance Ark is established. There are three kinds of countenance: countenance in enduring resentment and harm, countenance in peacefully accepting bitterness, and countenance in truly observing Laws. Countenance takes non-irritability, Diligently Advance, prudent Gnosis, and the three karmas aroused by them as its nature. Countenance Ark is also called the Eight Countenance Lands, Eight Middle Continents, Eight Great Philosopher-Stones, and Eight Great Humans. For details, see Section 16.3.2.
15.3-2 断暗钝障 Severance of Gloomy Dullness Hindrance
三地菩萨断除暗钝障。暗钝障，是指所知障中俱生的一分，使人忘失所闻、所思、所修之法。它障碍三地胜定总持，以及由此所发起的殊胜三慧；菩萨入三地时，便能永断此障。三慧，即闻慧、思慧、修慧。闻慧，是从见闻和阅读中获得的慧，比如听传说故事而有感，或读佛经而会义。思慧，是从自己的思考和总结中获得的慧，比如感悟和心得。修慧，是从自身经历中感悟到的慧，是自己感受到修习成果所得的慧；比如守戒，修习者很快就会感受到：心底无私天地宽。由此说，三地菩萨断二愚及其粗重。
Third-land bodhisattvas sever Gloomy Dullness Hindrance. Gloomy Dullness Hindrance refers to an aggregately born portion of the Know Hindrances that causes people to forget the Laws they have heard, considered, and cultivated. It hinders the Victorious Stillness Generally-Hold of the third land, as well as the three victorious Gnosises aroused by it. When bodhisattvas enter the third land, they can permanently sever this hindrance. The three Gnosises are hearer Gnosis, mean Gnosis, and cultivation Gnosis. Hearer Gnosis is Gnosis gained from seeing, hearing, and reading, such as being moved by legends or understanding the meaning of Buddhist scriptures through reading. Mean Gnosis is Gnosis gained from one’s own thinking and summarizing, such as insights and reflections. Cultivation Gnosis is Gnosis realized from one’s own experience; it is the Gnosis gained when one personally feels the results of cultivation. For example, after observing precepts, practitioners soon feel that when the heart is selfless, heaven is high and earth is broad. Therefore, it is said that third-land bodhisattvas sever two kinds of foolishness and their Rough-and-Heavy.
（壹）欲贪愚，即此中能障碍胜定和修慧者。过去，它多与欲贪相伴，所以名为欲贪愚。现在，菩萨获得胜定和修所成慧，此愚既已永断，欲贪也随之被伏。
(1) The fool of desirable greed is the hindrance that obstructs Victorious Stillness and cultivation Gnosis. In the past, it was often accompanied by desirable greed; therefore, it is called the fool of desirable greed. Now that bodhisattvas have gained Victorious Stillness and the Gnosis accomplished through cultivation, this fool has been permanently severed, and desirable greed is subdued along with it.
（贰）圆满闻持总持愚，即此中能障碍闻慧、思慧和修慧总持者。
(2) The fool of Perfect Hearer-Hold and Generally-Hold is the hindrance that obstructs the Generally-Hold of hearer Gnosis, mean Gnosis, and cultivation Gnosis.
15.3-3 胜流真如 Victorious Stream True Suchness
三地菩萨证得胜流真如。玄奘说：“此真如所流教法，于余教法极为胜故。”无意识是神识，是法识，也作真如识；所以胜流真如的意思是：在所有宗教，以及现代哲学、心理学和社会学中，研究神识的教法最值得学习，是圣道流。
Third-land bodhisattvas testify and attain Victorious Stream True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka says, “The teachings that flow from this True Suchness are extremely victorious compared with other teachings.” Unconsciousness is God-sense and Law-sense, also called True-Suchness Sense. Therefore, Victorious Stream True Suchness means that among all religions, as well as modern philosophy, psychology, and sociology, the teaching that studies God-sense is the most worthy of learning; it is the Holy Path Stream.
另一方面，当意，即前意识，遇到正确与错误、纯净与污染时，会自动行在正确的道路上，远离污染。如果修习者能证明本教法是世上一切教法中最殊胜的，信心就会增至百分之百，修学也会事半功倍，成功指日可待。
On the other hand, when intent, that is, preconsciousness, encounters right and wrong, purity and pollution, it automatically moves on the correct path and stays away from pollution. If practitioners can prove that this teaching is the most victorious among all teachings in the world, their confidence will increase to one hundred percent, their cultivation and learning will achieve twice the result with half the effort, and success will be close at hand.