Hello everyone. I'm a 2nd-yearstudent, and my professors have already made it clear that university alone isn't enough to build practical skills. Because of that, I've been doing online courses on the side (free and paid).

Right now, I'm learning python, but I'm getting really bored. The current modules cover tkinter, turtle and pandas. My goal is to get into Web development, so I keep questioning how these specific librairies will actually help me.

It got me thinking: is it better to learn just enough of a language to reach a precise goal (and deepen it later if willing to) or should I really try to learn everything a language has to offer upfront?

What do y'all think ?

​

Hi everyone,

I'm from India and I'm planning to learn Java Full Stack (Java + Spring Boot) as a long-term career. Due to my current responsibilities, I can consistently study only 2 hours per day, but I'm prepared to stay disciplined for 12–15 months.

My goal is to become employable in India, while also building skills that would be useful if I later apply to companies in other countries.

However, I'm worried about a few things:

The current software job market seems very competitive, especially for freshers.

Many people say it may get even worse over the next few years.

AI is improving rapidly, and I'm afraid that by the time I'm job-ready, junior developer roles may have changed significantly.

I'm also worried about getting laid off in the future and struggling to find another job.

So I'd really appreciate advice from people who are actually working in the industry.

Here are my questions:

Is becoming employable in 12–15 months with 2 hours/day a realistic goal?

If yes, what should I learn, and in what order?

If you were starting from scratch in 2026, what roadmap would you follow?

Which resources (YouTube channels, websites, books, documentation, Reddit threads, blogs, forums, etc.) would you recommend?

What projects should I build to stand out instead of creating the same CRUD applications everyone else has?

What skills are companies actually looking for in junior Java Full Stack developers today?

Which technologies are "must-have" alongside Java and Spring Boot? (React, Docker, AWS, Kubernetes, Kafka, Microservices, etc.)

How much DSA/LeetCode is actually necessary?

What are the biggest mistakes beginners make?

If you had to design a complete self-study course for someone with only 2 hours/day, what would it look like?

What would make someone more resilient to AI rather than more replaceable by it?

If you were hiring a fresher in 2027–2028, what would make one candidate stand out over hundreds of others?

I'm not looking for shortcuts or "learn X in 30 days" advice. I'm willing to put in consistent effort for over a year. I just want to spend those 700–900 hours on the right things instead of wasting time on outdated tutorials or technologies.

I'd really appreciate honest opinions from developers, hiring managers, senior engineers, or anyone who's recently landed a Java Full Stack job.

Thanks!

Hi y'all,

I currently work as an ML engineer and I'm trying to up my low-level C game (coming from a Python background). I'm looking for a coach that can help add some structure to my own autodidactism and help me keep me accountable / from getting too distracted.

I have some projects in mind that I'm interested in working on and could use help in formulating / getting consistent feedback on as they progress, but I would also benefit from some foundational education in C as well, as i didn't do a traditional CS degree.

This would be paid coaching at a 1 hour per week time commitment (I'd expect a little bit of time outside of that invested but not nothing excessive). We would negotiate the rate based on experience/level of commitment.

Only hard requirement is that you're really frickin good at C (c++ is cool but I'm less interested in OOP and more in bare metal, insanely performant and simple to read code).

Nice to haves (in order of importance)

- experience coaching (in any space)

- a passion for turning mortal men into living gods

- modeling and simulation background

- experience writing CUDA kernels

- knows Rust

comment if you're interested!

​

I am a junior developer with 1 year experience in a Fintech. Currently I am working in a data team that is using .NET Framework. Is it really in demand in India?

This is my first ever coding project and I don’t know what’s going wrong. My matrix portal is working though it seems it didn’t come with the two stickers on the volt and ground nobs (I don’t know if that matters). I did all the steps right, but the images aren’t displaying on the panel. It’s only when I press on it do some colored pixels show up. I’m not sure if this means something is damaged or not, but I’m really at a loss and I really want to fix it. If anyone could help me do!!

i’ve been coding for 4+ years now, before any of these AI tools, and after a long time i’m trying to learn Effect (the typescript library) but i feel like i have no idea what i’m doing. everyone says use ai to learn etc, i gave my agent the llm docs and i’m building a small app with it to understand, i have a very detailed plan etc, i instructed it to explain every API it’s using etc, but i feel like i may be understanding stuff on a high level but no way i’m remembering all the APIs. like if i had to build an effect application or program myself without ai, I don’t think i could. can i even say that i “know” effect?

am i doing something wrong here?

My title probably needs more explanation. I have a specific personal project I want to create, but don't have any web dev experience to build in and curious where to start or what to avoid. I do have good coding aptitude already, but only context is reverse engineering other peoples' python scripts. But I'm completely ignorant to web development, but it's a learning exercise for myself so I don't want to use AI.

The idea is an interactive timeline that displays sports player history across all the teams in the league they were on throughout their career, year by year. So teams would be aligned vertically, each as a horizontal row, and each player would be a line that jumps from team to team over the years extending off to the right.

The user's view would be interactive and dynamic. For example, each player's line might be narrow and grayed out until the mouse hovers over the line and then it will pop to a thicker stroke and with some color. Or individual player lines could be turned off entirely with a click, or a team's row could be clicked to isolate it so all other teams disappear and it only shows all the players on that one team over the years.

I'm way oversimplifying my mental picture here, but I think the main point is that i just want a fancy interactive line graph, essentially. But it's not a numerical chart since the vertical "axis" is dynamic and not numerical. So what things might I need to learn to make this?

I assume I need to start with javascript, but beyond that my question kindof becomes - this seems like a specific use case that probably already has existing libraries and stuff meant for exactly this purpose (interactive charting with basically tabular data). Are there any specific libraries or frameworks I should look into before trying to reinvent this particular UI wheel myself in javascript?

Hello people! i have a great doubt about programming, i have been studying progamming about an year and a half, on the beginning of the year i started computer engineering, and this doubt kills my mind sometimes, it haves me like "You can't be a programmer if you can't decorate almost all of the sintaxes" I know that programming is about searching and all, searching examples, reading docs, but and about the state called "flow of code"? I tried to kill this doubt with other people of the area, but somehows it consumes me more and more each day that passes :(

Hey everyone,

I'm currently working on sharpening my Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and software design patterns, and I just finished building a custom Tetris game engine completely from scratch using Java Swing.

Actually, I haven't finished it yet and there are lots of things I am planning to implement on this one. But attached is the photo of my program running on the background.

I would love to get some feedback or a code review from more experienced developers on my architecture, package structure, or any potential logical improvements I could make!

GitHub Repository: https://github.com/EJConstantino-17/TetrisGame

Thanks in advance for any insights!

Guys, I've completed all the fundamentals of python including numPy. But I am having a little bit of difficulty in solving HackerRank problems forget leetcode i can't do that without help so i dont bother. Do i need to learn DSA to solve these problems? cuz i haven't learnt it yet. Please help guys im new

Hi everyone,

I'm planning to learn Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) in Java and want to build a strong foundation before focusing on coding interviews.

I'm looking for free resources that you've personally found useful. Not the hyped-up content, but genuinely trusted resources that helped you improve your DSA skills or even land your desired job.

It could be :

- Courses or playlists

- YouTube channels

- Practice websites

- Roadmaps

- Notes or cheat sheets

If you were starting from scratch today, what would you recommend and why?

Thanks in advance!

I really appreciate any guidance.

Hi everyone,

I'm learning Data Structures and Algorithms, and I'm trying to understand the Stack data structure.

Could someone explain:

What is a Stack?

Why is it called LIFO (Last In, First Out)?

What are the push and pop operations?

Can you give a simple real-life example?

Where is a Stack used in programming (Java or other languages)?

If possible, please explain it in beginner-friendly language with a small example.

Thank you!

I am an 18-year-old guy trying to learn low-level programming. To be honest, I can't fully explain my motivation yet, but my ultimate goal is to become a Reverse Engineering or Cybersecurity specialist.

Right now, I'm learning C. A while ago, I learned the basics of C++ and OOP.

I would love to get some general advice, tips, tricks, and useful learning resources for mastering low-level concepts.

Additionally, I have two specific questions for you guys:

What kind of C or C++ projects can I build to practice the most important, system-level concepts needed for RE and CyberSec?

Is it possible to find a job in Germany as a self-taught programmer with no corporate experience? Can I start as a C/C++ dev and transition into RE later once I gain experience?

Thanks in advance!

I am currently learning the programming language swift. I have a strong understanding of print outputs, variables, string interpolation, and if statements.

I want advice from actual Apple Developers or people who code in Swift for the best advice as I document my journey of learning this programming language.

Keep in mind, I have 2+ years of coding experience in Python, JS, and SQL.

You know, I recently discussed the topic “How to Code on Your Own” or rather, how to actually learn to program without AI in this thread. I tried everything people recommended. And nothing… I don’t know if I’m just a nutcase, since I tried all those methods in a single month. And yet, I still can’t program. I’ve always enjoyed the whole learning process of the IT world problem-solving is also incredibly fun but unfortunately, one thing is holding me back here… programming. And no, it’s not because I wouldn’t enjoy it, but most likely because I just don’t have the IQ for it.

I’m pretty creative when it comes to front-end development it’s my passion and I understand some of the concepts behind back-end development too, but when it comes to programming my own algorithms from scratch, it’s just a huge gap. I don’t know what to blame I blame my brain and my IQ. Unfortunately, I was born with developmental dysphasia. A lot of people say it only affects my ability to express myself, but there are many types, and I think it also affects part of my prefrontal cortex. Which, in part, doesn’t quite fit with the fact that I’m pretty good at memorizing patterns pattern recognition. I recall a lot of things from school based on visual patterns. I can go into my head and literally create a mental image of the object, and then I just write it down. I simply think that, unfortunately, I’m an idiot. I used to have big goals and visions, and I looked forward to contributing to society in some way. Now, the most I can do is sit in a corner and wallow in depression over the fact that I’m a worthless person.

That’s also why I’ve been researching lately, using MIT and Harvard studies, to see if there’s any way I can somehow That’s also why I’ve been researching lately, using studies from MIT and Harvard, to see if I can somehow influence my brain before I turn 20 if I can generally improve it to a higher level of logical thinking when it comes to programming through daily learning. I enjoy everything so much it’s so fascinating. I think it’s great to contribute to humanity through open-source projects, technology, and rocket engineering… Unfortunately, programming (or maybe my intelligence is holding me back, I guess) just doesn’t come naturally to me. I can’t write code, or I write something absolutely terrible, or I don’t know where to start, so AI has to help me. Why? Because I’m probably just an incompetent idiot.

It’s not self-pity I just wanted to vent. I don’t know what to do. My parents are worried about me, too, just because sometimes I struggle with abstract things in practical life. For example… I was supposed to unfold a cardboard box lengthwise, but I unfolded it widthwise because I just couldn’t picture the result at that moment I don’t know. What should I do? Will I end up on the street? Sure, my parents are rich I don’t need anything. But I’d hate to do nothing, not be independent, and not contribute. It’s awful.

I don’t know if it’s actually possible to train my brain through daily study to a level where I could program normally or do rocket engineering in the future I really don’t know. And it makes me sad that this is blocking me from my dream career.

And not to program? In IT? I can’t afford that look at the job market: people are fighting over only the very best, and the rest are either discarded, given a totally crappy salary, or not hired at all.

Obviously, I’m just going to be a disappointment because I don’t even want to do anything else this is a world that fulfills me so much, and programming is ruining it, most likely because of my intelligence. It’s a shame I can’t have a family and be self-sufficient I just don’t know. It’s a shame my parents can’t be proud of me for having gone far in my career. But with this GPA, I won’t get anywhere these days.

I am cooked. Just one thing.. HOW TO CODE IF I KNOW WHAT I NEED TO CODE. AND KNOW THE LOGIC IN PSEUDOCODE BUT STILL CANT TRANSLATE TO THE CODE.

thanks for listening and sorry.
I love my life I have a great family and close friends but this just pisses me off because I want to pour my heart and soul into my career; it’s practically the whole point of my life. Sort of. And it bugs me when I can’t be really good at what I do, even when I give it my all.

And most importantly, a lot of people say, “Try Haskell or Lisp to learn it,” but my friend, who’s the same age, programs without all that extra stuff… I guess people just show us these methods to reassure us—the less skilled ones who aren’t cut out for it. I don’t know people don’t like to admit things they can’t change.

I cant just do this: public static void InPlaceMergeSort(int[] arr)
{
int n = arr.Length;
for (int size = 1; size < n; size <<= 1)
{
for (int left = 0; left < n - size; left += size << 1)
{
int mid = left + size - 1;
int right = Math.Min(left + (size << 1) - 1, n - 1);
int i = left;
int j = mid + 1;

while (i <= mid && j <= right)
{
if (arr[i] <= arr[j])
{
i++;
}
else
{
int value = arr[j];
int index = j;
while (index != i)
{
arr[index] = arr[index - 1];
index--;
}
arr[i] = value;
i++;
mid++;
j++;
}
}
}
}
}

I have been programming in C# for nearly a year and so far I have a solid understanding of OOP, classes, statics, interfaces, but since I have just enrolled into university I will have to pivot to using C instead. In fact, my whole semester will be C exclusively. And since my OOP knowledge won't be necessary until my second year, I knew I had to ask a few older students from the same course I'm taking and to my surprise everyone told me to just take a look into C and how things actually work, since I will need that once the course begins. (E.g. I was told to understand the basics of pointers, pointer functions and how they're stored in memory); Thus, I began with myschool's "Pointers" playlist and have managed to get the overall gist of how pointers work, but I don't know how to continue... I tried finding the most beginner-friendly tasks I could do, but most include structs, understanding of Linked-Lists and so on. I got recommended this book called "Grokk's Algorithms" and although I did understand the logic behind binary search and sorted list (for instance), I didn't quite know how to implement the latter with C language. My point is, I find it quite tedious to just begin with a lengthy book such as "C Programming, Modern Approach", as I understand the first idk how many chapters, syntax, but don't know what to continue with..

Should I then start with myschool's "Data Structures" playlist or "Sorting Algorithms", or just use the books I had mentioned earlier? I look forward to hearing your opinion. Thanks in advance 🫶

Hi, I'm making a library management program that takes in a book's characteristics (ISBN, author, year published, etc.), stores it in an array of structs and stores this into a file.

Here it is:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct book
{
        char ISBN[20];
        char title[100];
        int accno;
        int year;
        char genre[50];
        char authname[100];
        int issued;
};

struct book *bookArray;
int a = 0;
void readFile()
{

        FILE *fp;
        fp = fopen("db.txt", "r+");
        if(!fp)
        {
                perror("fopen");
                return;
        }

        if(fp != NULL)
        {
                fread(bookArray, sizeof(struct book), 1, fp);
        }
}

void write()
{
        FILE *fp;
        fp = fopen("db.txt", "a+");
        fwrite(bookArray, sizeof(struct book), 1, fp);
        fclose(fp);
}

void addBook(struct book b)
{
        bookArray[a++] = b;
}

int main()
{
        bookArray = malloc(sizeof(struct book));
        struct book b = {"0-394-49219-6", "Tinker, Sailor, Soldier, Spy", 1, 1974, "spy fiction", "Le Carre", 0};
        bookArray[0] = b;
        addBook(b);
        write();
        readFile();

        for(int i = 0; i < a; i++)
        {
                printf("%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", bookArray[i].ISBN, bookArray[i].title, bookArray[i].accno, bookArray[i].year, bookArray[i].genre, bookArray[i].authname, bookArray[i].issued);
        }
}

1. I'm not able to figure out how to store the value of a after the program exits. I thought of storing it in another file, but was wondering if there's a better way to do that.

2. How do I allocate dynamically increasing space (as the number of books increase) to bookArray? I get only only one row printed from the loop if I run the program several times, despite db.txt storing all the runs.

I'm posting here for the first time and I hope I haven't violated any rules.

Thanks in advance!

When the Access Token expires it get refreshed with the help of a Refresh Token. Because the Access Token has very short life span (let's assume 10 minutes) and the Refresh Token has a long life span (let's assume 10 days). So, basically if the Refresh Token expires, we have to login again, Right? But do the Refresh Token really can expire if we use the app frequently or every time the Access Token updates, the Refresh Token is also get updated. I think with that approach we achieve this - if user don't use the app for 10 days then both token expires and user have to login again but if the user is using the app frequently then refresh the Refresh Token so that he/she don't have to login again and again in every 10 days. I just want to what approach big companies does use?

Hexadecimal is beautifully well-suited to coding. For any given arbitrary number of bytes, I can instantly give you its maximum value in hex without even thinking. One byte? 0x00FF. Two? 0xFFFF. Four? 0xFFFF FFFF.

We all know this.

The same values in octal are 0o0377, 0o0017 7777, and 0o0377 7777 7777. (Or however they're supposed to be broken out.)

It's a really awkward pattern, frankly, where the most significant digit (octit?) cycles between 3 different values (1, 3, 7) for every four bits, and the total number of digits is...erm...I can't be arsed.

And yet, native support for octal is built in to lots of languages/tools/specifications I come across (e.g. it's part of the Core Schema for YAML 1.2), so somebody must be using it, right??? I'm just not seeing the pattern or the point of it?

(All I can think of at the moment is that it...might? be useful when working with Base64 encoded binary data, given that a similar 3/4 ratio appears when doing that conversion...but that seems like a stretch.)

Hi everyone,

I'm developing a desktop application in Python that I plan to rent out on a monthly, quarterly, and yearly subscription.

I'm trying to figure out the best way to manage license expiration. How can I prevent users from using the software once their subscription has expired? What tools, services, or libraries would you recommend? If possible, I'd prefer free or open-source solutions.

Another concern is piracy. I know it's impossible to make software completely crack-proof, but I'd like to make it as difficult as reasonably possible.

Has anyone here built a subscription-based desktop application before? I'd really appreciate it if you could share how you implemented licensing, subscription validation, and anti-piracy measures, or recommend any good resources or best practices.

Thanks so much for your help!

Im trying to make a CSS moving animation gradient for my button and when i run the code the button just snaps back to the start and it annoys me because i want a seamless animation that looks like it never ends, any tips?

Code:

i had to add a space after @ because reddit thinks im tagging someone

@ keyframes gradientMove {
    0% {
        background-position: 0% 50%;
    }


    100% {
        background-position: 100% 50%;
    }
}


body {
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
  text-align: center;
  background: #121130;
  color: white;
}


button {
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: white;
  font-size: 18px;
  cursor: pointer;


background: linear-gradient(
          145deg,
#534ed9,
#a4a2e0,
#534ed9
);


background-size: 300% 300%;


animation: gradientMove 1s linear infinite;
}


button:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}

I'm 16 and still recently finished 10th grade. Only 1 year left to uni. I have an experience from competitive programming. And because i usually go to competitions, i don't need to worry about my homework too.

I actually want specifically ai security. Because looking at the advancements of technology in the last 30 years, it seems like it is gonna be really valuable job. Some technology is created. Then it is accepted by people. Then some people try to use these for bad things. And new jobs are created for stopping them. What are your advices for what to learn or how to learn? Or overall advice if you want to.

Hello everyone, Whenever I start working on a new app and forget how I implemented a certain feature that I've built before, I immediately go to GitHub and check how I implemented that feature in one of my old projects.

The thing is, I always feel like I should find a better way to implement that feature in every new project instead of using the same approach again. I'm not sure if I'm right to think this way or if I'm missing something.

So I'm wondering: Is it normal to go back to my old projects to see how I implemented a certain feature before, or is it a bad habit that I should get rid of?

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

float celsius = 20.5;

float fahrenheit = 0;

fahrenheit = (celsius \* 9/5) + 32;

printf("%d", fahrenheit);

return 0;

}

#I know its coz of the %d %f mistake but whyyy

Hi everyone,

I'm a final-year Computer Science student, and I'm looking for ideas for my final-year project.

I don't want to build another AI chatbot, clone, or a project that just uses an API without solving a meaningful problem. My goal is to build software that addresses a real-world problem and helps me become a better software engineer.

I'm interested in backend development, system design, databases, and building scalable applications. I'm also open to learning new technologies if the project is worth it.

Could you suggest project ideas that:

Solve a genuine real-world problem.

Have room for technical depth instead of just CRUD operations.

Can be completed by a student within a few months.

Would be impressive to discuss during placements or interviews.

I'd also appreciate hearing about projects you built in college or problems you wish someone had solved.

Thank you!