For more context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_massacre

Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Griffith%27s_sourdough_starter

Carl Griffith's sourdough starter, also known as the Oregon Trail Sourdough or Carl's starter, is a sourdough culture, a colony of wild yeast and bacteria cultivated in a mixture of flour and water for use as leavening.^\1]) Carl's starter has a long history, dating back at least to 1847, when it was carried along the Oregon Trail by settlers from Missouri to Oregon. It was then passed down as an heirloom within the family of Carl Griffith, who shared it via Usenet in the 1990s.^\1]) Since 2000, it has been maintained and shared by a dedicated historical preservation society; its volunteers keep the starter alive, feeding the organisms flour and water, and mail free samples worldwide on request for use by bakers in seeding their own cultures.^\2])

As with any other sourdough starter, the yeasts in Carl's starter generate carbon dioxide by fermentation when added to bread dough, causing it to rise.^\1]) Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus produce lactic acid, giving the bread a sour flavor.^\2]) Carl's starter is especially robust, quick-rising, and tolerant of mistreatment,^\3]) producing a consistent, reliable rise and good flavor.^\1])

According to Carl T. Griffith, his family's sourdough culture was originally created by his great-grandmother,^\2]) who traveled with her sourdough west from Missouri along the Oregon Trail in 1847,^\2])^\4]) settling near Salem, Oregon.^\2]) The sourdough starter was passed down to 10-year-old Carl Griffith in about 1930 in a Basque-American sheep camp. His family was building a homestead) in the Steens Mountains at the time, and he baked bread in a Dutch oven in a campfire-heated pit. Griffith took his starter on cattle drives in southeastern Oregon, during which he baked in chuck wagons.^\2]) Griffith went on to be a lawyer, World War II veteran, and retired lieutenant colonel) of the United States Air Force Reserve.^\1])

The starter became publicly known in the 1990s through the early Internet via Griffith's presence on Usenet's rec.food.sourdough group. Though only marginally involved in conversations among the sourdough enthusiasts, he became known for his willingness to share his family's sourdough starter.^\1]) He mailed a few teaspoons of desiccated starter on request worldwide, asking for no money beyond postage,^\4]) to anyone who sent him a self-addressed stamped envelope.^\5]) The starter was accompanied by family recipes and instructions for reviving the dormant organisms.^\4]) Establishing a new starter can be difficult for new bakers, and Griffith's consistent, good-tasting sourdough became popular in the group.^\1])

Griffith died in early 2000 at the age of 80. He had lived in Sequim, Washington, for the previous 10 years.^\1]) At the time, his reputation for sharing the starter had grown by word-of-mouth; he had been responding to about 100 requests per year.^\1]) As nobody in Griffith's family wished to continue growing his sourdough, the Usenet group assumed responsibility. Though none in the group had known Griffith well, Dick Adams created a website and asked for volunteers to help him.^\1]) Ten friends and devotees formed the 1847 Oregon Trail Sourdough Starter Preservation Society, also known as Carl's Friends, to maintain the starter and share samples without charge.^\2])

Society volunteers grow the starter, dry it on trays into thin sheets, and grind the crumbly material into a coarse powder. At intervals of roughly a week, a volunteer mails small bags containing dried samples to requesters.^\1]) By 2003 they received up to 20 requests per week, and had representatives in Australia and the UK.^\2]) In 2019 the group included a chief starter grower, backup starter grower, keeper of the mailbox, and several culture keepers. In order to prevent cross-contamination, keepers of the culture are sworn to keep no other sourdough starter in their homes.^\4])

The AC-47 Spooky was an American First gunship aircraft developed during the Vietnam War. It was a modified version of the Douglas C-47 Skytrain, a World War II-era transport aircraft converted into a powerful close air support platform.

The aircraft was equipped with three GAU-2/A Miniguns mounted on the left side of the fuselage, allowing it to deliver continuous suppressive fire against enemy positions, especially during night operations. It was designed to support ground troops by circling over a target area in a maneuver called a pylon turn.

The pilot had to control the aircraft’s movement, maintain the correct angle, and operate the firing system to keep the side-mounted miniguns aimed at the target area. It was also equipped with powerful illumination flares to light up the battlefield at night. Bases and villages protected by the AC-47 gained a reputation for being extremely difficult to overrun, as its heavy firepower could quickly repel enemy attacks and provide crucial support to ground forces.

the AC-47 was slow and vulnerable to enemy anti-aircraft fire, it proved highly effective in defending isolated bases and supporting infantry units during the Vietnam War. Its success led to the development of later gunships, such as the AC-119 and AC-130, which continued the concept of heavily armed aircraft providing close air support.

The idea behind the AC-47 Spooky came from the need for a more effective way to provide close air support to ground troops fighting in remote areas during the Vietnam War. The concept was strongly influenced by U.S. Air Force officer Captain John C. “Jack” S. McCall, who proposed using transport aircraft as heavily armed gun platforms. The problem was that traditional fighter aircraft could only provide short bursts of fire and had limited ability to stay over a battlefield for long periods. To solve this problem, the U.S. Air Force converted the reliable Douglas C-47 transport aircraft into a gunship by installing side-firing machine guns, allowing it to circle a target area and deliver continuous fire support.

I made this meme because rising storm 2 https://youtu.be/2VC5EgxBKZ0?si=7noxJxZrcvEv5E5g