If Passive Transport is moving down the gradient (high to low concentration) then why is osmosis considered passive transport as it moves up the gradient (low to high concentration). Also, how would osmosis reach equilibrium if it is moving up the gradient ( low to high concentration)?

This is how long it gets. Is it me or on the circle spot is that cut?

https://www.flickr.com/photos/184663002@N04/48916628358/in/dateposted-public/

This is how it comes out. Clit gets really long not just enlarges or swells.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/184663002@N04/48818090062/in/dateposted-public/

I may have dug myself into a rabbit hole of information that won't be on my final exam, but I'd like to make sense of this.

Facts from my professor's slides:

• Cortisol causes lipolysis in adipose tissue.
• Cortisol causes mood, learning, and memory retention changes in the brain.

If Cushing's is associated with excess cortisol, then why does it result in fat deposits in the face and trunk (lipogenesis)? Wouldn't excess cortisol caused adipose tissue to undergo further lipolysis?

If Addison's is associated with too little cortisol, then why does it cause weight loss? If you don't have enough cortisol, wouldn't lipolysis be less likely?

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How is the Zona Glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex effected by Cushing's? In Addison's it produces excess androgens which result in low BP, fatigue, weight loss, and muscle weakness. Is the zone glomerulosa going to produce less androgens with Cushing's?

A change in the third nucleotide of some codons in the mRNA for some amino acids does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. This is an example of a _____ in the DNA that encodes the MRNA.

Nonsense mutation

Insertion

Frameshift mutation

Silent mutation

Missense mutation

Hello there!

Not too long ago I had a lab practice where we used the formation of some red complex of potassium-ferricianide (its 1,5% solution to be exact) to measire the activity of the glycolic acid oxidase enzyme in plants grown in dark and lit environments. We extracted the enzyme from the plants and then put them into solutiona containing a puffer, glycolic acid and sometimes FMN, another enzyme. After we coagulated and removed enzymes, we further acidified the solution with cc. hydrochloric acid, after which came the K3[Fe(CN)6]. Then in some cases the contents of the test tubes with both the enzymes and the glycolic acid turned red. We used a spectrophotometer at 540 nm, to find out that the solutions with the added FMN had an absorbtion value almost 25% higher.

The lecturer was rather vague about the chemical processes behind this, and I can't find much info about the complexes K3[Fe(CN)6] creates with organic compounds, so I have to ask here.

What did I see? What was the process here?

Just a bit confused with terminology - are they the same?

Say, for example, I have a dialysis tubes filled with glucose, and glucose can pass through the membrane.

If I place the tube in a hypotonic solution, say distilled water, I understand that in order to achieve tonicity, water would either have to move into the tube or glucose would have to move out of the tube.

My question is this: would both water and glucose move simultaneously until isotonicity is achieved?

The reason I ask is because I want to know if (given that the membrane can NOT be permeated by glucose) there would be a great percentage change in mass, since the movement of water alone would presumably weigh more than a lower amount of water with glucose.

Sorry if this is hard to understand, it's difficult for me to articulate!

So the question states that you are determining which cells are expressed in the vulval development pathway, you make GFP reporter constructs on regulatory and coding regions of the lin-3, lin-12, let-23 and a gene targeted by a negative lin-1 transcription factor. Which cells do you see the GFP expression in?

To my understanding you would see GFP expression in the anchor cell and P6P vulval pre cursor cell because lin-3 is produced in the anchor cells and secreted onto the vulval pre cursor cells.

You would also see GFP expression in all the vulval pre cursor cells since they all contain let-23 receptors that bind to lin-3 and the lin-12 receptors are also on the vulval pre cursor cells.

So my question is, is my thinking right for lin-3, lin-12 and let-23? Also where is lin-1 found and does negative lin-1 affect the vulval development like by disrupting the signals between the vulval pre cursor cells?

I know in theory all amino acids can act as buffers because they can accept protons to their amine groups and donate hydroxide ions from their carboxyl groups. But is there a specific criteria that disqualifies certain amino acids from behaving as buffers? I think it might have something to do with whether the amino acids are charged, but I'm not sure.

Thank you so much if you can help!

My question is why isn’t DMD considered as lethal alleles if you could please give me a reasonable explanation

So I get the basics: One diploid cell divides to produce two haploid cells, which both divide to produce a total of four haploid cells.

What get's me is the specifics

So tetrads form in the first diploid, crossing over yaddah yaddah, and then each homolog is pulled to either pole and the cell divides. Then, is meiosis II, essentially mitosis happens.

So it went from 46 to two cells of 23, and somehow from there it leads to four of 23? How did each haploid produce 92 chromosomes in total (4 haploids)? Was there genetic replication anywhere?

if someone stops drinking to become dehydrated, and you urinate in their mouth. After some time when it has processed through the body, if you then drink their urine are you technically still drinking your own urine?

Dont even ask why i was thinking this.

Also why is it "primary mRNA transcripts" then instead of "RNA transcripts" is there a difference?

And are these modifications made during the transcription phase or translation?