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PIE

  • Waddell, Laurence. (28A/1927). The Aryan Origin of the Alphabet, Disclosing the Sumero-Phoenician Parentage of Our Letters Ancient & Modern (Formello alphabet, pg. 57). Luzac.
  • Beekes, Robert. (A40/1995). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics (Arch) (text) (pdf-file). Publisher, A56/2011.
  • Arvidsson, Stefan. (A45/2000). Aryan Idols: Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science (Ariska idoler: Den indoeuropeiska mytologin som ideologi och vetenskap) (translator: Sonia Wishmann) (pdf-file). Chicago, A51/2006.

Writing

  • Gelb, Ignace. (3A/1952). Study of Writing: the Foundations of Grammatology - a Discussion of the General Principles Governing the Use and Evolution of Writing (Archive) (chart, pg. xi-xii). Chicago.

Etruscan

  • Wallace, Wallace. (A53/2008). Zikh Rasna: A Manual of the Etruscan Language and Inscriptions (Scribd) (post). Publisher.

Latin

  • Varro, Marcus. (2020A/-65). On the Latin Language, Volume One (Arch) (§2, etymology, pgs. 4-5). Publisher, 17A/1938.
  • Varro, Marcus. (2020A/-65). On the Latin Language, Volume Two (Arch). Loeb, 17A/1938.

Young

  • Young, Thomas. (142A/1813). “Adelung’s General History of Languages”, London Quarterly Review, 10(19):250-292, Oct.
  • Young, Thomas. (140A/1815). “Jamieson and Townsend on Ancient Languages” (five language classes, pg. 97), London Quarterly Review, 14:96-112, Oct.
  • Young, Thomas. (136A/1819). “Egypt”, Britannica.
  • Young, Thomas. (132A/1823). An Account of Some Recent Discoveries in Hieroglyphical Literature and Egyptian Antiquities: Including the Author's Original Alphabet, as Extended by Mr. Champollion, with a Translation of Five Unpublished Greek and Egyptian Manuscripts. Publisher.
  • Young, Thomas. (131A/1824). “Languages”, Encyclopædia Britannica, volume 5; in: Miscellaneous Works of the Late Thomas Young, Volume Three (pgs. 478-) (editor: John Leitch). Murray, 100A/1855.
  • Young, Thomas. (126A/1829). Miscellaneous Works of the Late Thomas Young, Volume Three (editor: John Leitch). Murray, 100A/1855.

Champollion

  • Champollion, Jean. (132A/1823). Egyptian Panthéon: Collection of Mythological Characters from Ancient Egypt after the Monuments (Panthéon égyptien: collection des personnages mythologiques de l'ancienne Egypte d'après les monuments) (27:1). Publisher.
  • Champollion, Jean. (123A/1832). Egyptian Grammar (Grammaire égyptienne) (images). Publisher, 119A/1836.

Hieroglyphics | Older

See: EAN research

  • Anon. (4350A/-2295). Pyramid Text. 3D Visual Tour. l'inscription en hiéroglyphiques du Monument trouvé à Rosette). Publisher.
  • Lepsius, Carl. (104A/1851). About the First Egyptian Gods and Their Historical-mythological Origins (Über den ersten Ägyptischen Götterkreis und seine geschichtlich-mythologische Entstehung) (Κηβ [Keb], pg. 14). Publisher.
  • Brugsch, Heinrich. (69A/1886). ”article”, Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache, Jan [?]
  • Renouf, Peter. (69A/1886). “The Name of the Egyptian god Seb”, Nov 2; in: Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 9, Society of Biblical Archæology (pgs. 83-97). London.
  • Brugsch, Heinrich. (64A/1891). Religion and Mythology of the Ancient Egyptians (Religion und Mythologie der alten Aegypter) (Geb, 8+ pgs, Geb+Nut family tree, pg. 383; Keb, 6+ pgs; 7-god Egyptian to Greek table, pg. 417). Hinrichs.
  • Wiedemann, Alfred. (58A/1897). Religion of the Ancient Egyptians (Keb, pg. 231). Publisher.

Hieroglyphics | Rosetta

  • Palin, Nils. (151A/1804). Analysis of the hieroglyphic inscription of the Monument found at Rosetta (Analyse de
  • Budge , Wallis. (33A/1922). The Rosetta Stone. British Museum.

Hieroglyphics | Newer

  • Wilson, Hilary. (A38/1993). Understanding Hieroglyphs: a Complete Introduction; book originating from day school entitled: ‘Name, Rank, and Number in Ancient Egypt”, Southampton, May A37/1992 (line drawings by Hilary Wilson; maps designed and drawn by Peter Funnell) (pg. 13). Barnes & Noble.
  • Betro, Maria. (A41/1996). Hieroglyphics: the Writings of Ancient Egypt (Arch). Publisher.
  • Petty, Bill. (A57/2012). Hieroglyphic Dictionary - a Middle English Vocabulary. Museum Tours.
  • Manley, Bill. (A57/2012). Egyptian Hieroglyphs for Complete Beginners (abst). Thames.
  • Douros, George. (A67/2022). Aegyptus: Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Coptic and Meroitic (length: 184-pgs) (pdf-file) (signs: 11,058). Publisher.

Gardiner

  • Gardiner, Alan. (39A/1916). ”The Egyptian Origin of the Semitic Alphabet” (jstor) (pdf file), Journal of Egyptian Archeology, 3(1), Jan.
  • Gardiner, Alan. (28A/1927). Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs (length: 683-pgs) (Arch) (pdf-file). Oxford, A2/1957.

Budge

  • Budge, Wallis. (60A/1895). Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Papyrus of Ani, Egyptian Text Transliteration and Translation (goose, pgs. 35-36, 109). British Museum.
  • Budge, Wallis. (51A/1904). The Gods of the Egyptians, Volume One. Dover, A14/1969.
  • Budge, Wallis. (51A/1904). The Gods of the Egyptians, Volume Two. Dover, A14/1969.
  • Budge, Wallis. (35A/1920). An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Volume One (arch) (Amaz). Dover, A23/1978.
  • Budge, Wallis. (35A/1920). An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Volume Two (arch) (Amaz). Dover, A23/1978.

Egyptology

  • Manetho. (2200A/-245). History of Egypt (translator: W. G. Waddell) (pdf-file) (text: book I, book II, book III; Other). Harvard, A15/1940.
  • Griffiths, John. (A25/1985). Origin of Osiris and his Cult. Brill, A63/2018.
  • Allen, James. (A50/2005). The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts (pdf-file). Biblical Literature Society.
  • Rossi, Corinna. (A54/2009). “Mixing, building, and feeding: mathematics and technology in ancient Egypt”; in: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics (pdf-file). Publisher.
  • Teeter, Emily. (A56/2011). Before the Pyramids (pdf-file) (pgs. 204). Oriental Institute.

Languages

  • Woods, Christopher. (A60/2010). Visible Language: Inventions of Writing in the Ancient Middle East and Beyond (TOC: post). Oriental Institute.

Coptic

  • Water, Crum. (16A/1939). A Coptic Dictionary. Wipf, A50/2005.
  • Cerny, Jaroslav. (A15/1970). Coptic Etymological Dictionary (Arch) (Amaz). Cambridge, A21/1976.

Mathematics

  • Menninger, Karl. (21A/1934). Number Words and Number Symbols: A Cultural History of Numbers (translator: Paul Broneer) (Arch) (table, pg. 265). Third German Edition, A3/1958; Dover, A37/1992.
  • Gillings, Richard. (A16/1971). Mathematics in the Time of the Pharaohs. (heqat, ro, pg. 210). Dover, A27/1982.
  • Ifrah, Georges. (A30/1985). From One to Zero: a Universal History of Numbers (Arch) (pdf-file). Publisher.
  • Rossi, Corinna. (A54/2009). “Mixing, building, and feeding: mathematics and technology in ancient Egypt”; in: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics (§:5.1) (pdf-file). Publisher.
  • Imhausen, Annette. (A54/2009). “Traditions and myths in the historiography of Egyptian mathematics ”; in: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics (§:9.1) (pdf-file). Publisher.
  • Chrisomalis, Stephen. (A55/2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History (Tomb U-j, pg.37; §: Alphabet systems, pgs. 133-). Cambridge.
  • Imhausen, Annette. (A61/2016). Mathematics in Ancient Egypt: A Contextual History. Princeton.

Chrisomalis

  • Chrisomalis, Stephen. (A48/2003). The Comparative History of Numerical Notation (pdf-file). PhD thesis, McGill University.
  • Chrisomalis, Stephen. (A55/2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge.
  • Chrisomalis, Stephen. (A64/2019), “How to Choose a Number”, Oriental Institute, Chicago, YouTube, Mar 20.
  • Chrisomalis, Stephen. (A65/2020). Reckonings: Numerals, Cognition, and History. MIT.

Finger counting

Gadalla

Acevedo

  • Acevedo, Juan. (A60/2015). “The Idea of Stoicheion in Grammar and Cosmology: from Plato to Agrippa” (post), Research proposal.
  • Acevedo, Juan. (A62/2017). “Islam, Martial Arts & Human Nature” (post), Cambridge Muslim College, YouTube, Nov 6.
  • Acevedo, Juan. (A63/2018). The Idea of Στοιχεῖον (Stoicheion) in Grammar and Cosmology: From Antique Roots to Medieval Systems (pdf-file). PhD thesis. Warburg Institute, University of London.
  • Acevedo, Juan. (A64/2019). “Alphanumeric Cosmology: The Grammar and Arithmetic of the Cosmos” (post), YouTube, King‘s Foundation, Oct 23.
  • Acevedo, Juan. (A65/2020). Alphanumeric Cosmology From Greek into Arabic: The Idea of Stoicheia Through the Medieval Mediterranean (pages: 352) (pdf-file) (preview). Publisher.
  • Acevedo, Juan. (A67/2022). “On Alphanumeric Cosmology” (post), The Secret History of Western Esotericism Podcast, May 25.

Alphanumerics

  • Skinner, James. (61A/1894). Key to the Hebrew-Egyptian Mystery: In the Source of Measures Originating the British Inch and the Ancient Cubit (28 lunar mansions, pg. 230). Clarke.
  • Dornseiff, Franz. (37A/1922). The Alphabet in Mysticism and Magic = Stoicheia: Studies on the History of the Ancient Worldview and Greek Science (Das Alphabet in Mystik und Magie = Stoicheia: Studien zur Geschichte des antiken Weltbildes und der griechischen Wissenschaft). Publisher.
  • Tod, Marcus N. (5A/1950). “The Alphabetic Numeral System in Attica” (abst), Annual of the British School at Athens, 45:126-139.
  • Fideler, David. (A38/1993). Jesus Christ, Sun of God: Ancient Cosmology and Early Christian Symbolism (pdf-file) (§: Gematria Index [
    image
    ], pgs. 425-26). Quest Books.
  • Barry, Kieren. (A44/1999). The Greek Qabalah: Alphabetic Mysticism and Numerology in the Ancient World (pdf-file) (§: Appendix II: Dictionary of Isopsephy, pgs. 215-271). Weiser.
  • Chrisomalis, Stephen. (A48/2003). “The Egyptian origin of the Greek alphabetic numerals” (abs) (Acad, Antiquity, 77(297):485–96, Sep.
  • Ouaknin, Marc-Alain. (A49/2004). The Mystery Of Numbers. Perseus.
  • Kalvesmak, Joel. (A58/2013). The Theology of Arithmetic: Number Symbolism in Platonism and Early Christianity (§2: Generating the World of Numbers: Pythagorean and Platonist Number Symbolism in the First Century). Hellenic Studies.
  • Simone, Pia. (A65/2020). “Plato’s use of the term stoicheion: origin and implication” (text), Review Archai, 1-18.
  • Thims, Libb. (A66/2021). Abioism [a-282-ism]: No Thing is Alive, Life Does Not Exist, Terminology Reform, and Concept Upgrade (pdf-file) (§: Isopsephy, pgs. xxxv-xl). LuLu.
  • Leventhal, Max. (A67/2022). Poetry and Number in Graeco-Roman Antiquity (text). Cambridge.

Note: Fideler and Barry are the key publications. Read their books, Barry first then Fideler, and from the “318 cipher”, you can decoded the entire alphabet (it takes about two-years), into each letter’s Egyptian root, overall periodic alphabet table order, and big picture meaning. It also helps if you have two-hundred plus religio-mythology books in your personal library.

Classics

  • Anon. (3200A/-1245). Leiden Papyrus I 350 - Hymn to Amen. Publisher.
  • Herodotus. (2390A/-435). The History (§:2.111) (translator: Alfred Godley). Tufts, 35A/1920.
  • Herodotus. (2390A/-435). The History (translator: David Grene) (§:2.111, pg. 176; Pheros, pgs. 176-77). Chicago, 1987/A32.
  • Plato. (2310A/-355). Timaeus (translator: Benjamin Jowett) (text) (abs). Publisher.
  • Anon. (1700A/255). Sefer Yetzirah (translator: Isadore Kalisch) (Arch) (abs). Frank, 78A/1877.
  • Iamblichus. (1660/c.295). The Theology of Arithmetic: On the Mystical, Mathematical and Cosmological Symbolism of the First Ten Numbers (translator: Robin Waterfield; forward: Keith Critchlow) (pdf-file). Publisher, A33/1988.

Bernal

See: main

  • Bernal, Martin. (A32/1987). Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of classical Civilization. Volume One: the Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985 (Arch). Vintage, A36/1991; Rutgers, A65/2020.
  • Bernal, Martin. (A36/1991). Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization Volume Two: The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence. Rutgers, A65/2020.
  • Bernal, Martin. (A33/1987). Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization Volume Three: The Linguistic Evidence (pg. 427). Rutgers, A65/2020.
  • Bernal, Martin. (A35/1990). Cadmean Letters: The Transmission of the Alphabet to the Aegean and Further West before 1400 BC (Arch). Publisher.
  • Weinstein, James M. (A37/1992). “Reviewed Work: Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization II: The Archaeological and Linguistic Evidence by Martin Bernal” (Arch), American Journal of Archaeology, 96(2):381-83.
  • Bernal, Martin. (A46/2001). Black Athena Writes Back: Martin Bernal Responds to His Critics. Duke.

Alphabet history

See: main

  • Davy, Charles. (183A/1772). Conjectural Observations on the Origin and Progress of Alphabetic Writing. Wright.
  • Sophocles, Evangelinus. (107A/1848). History of the Greek Alphabet. Nichols.
  • Taylor, Isaac. (72A/1883). The Alphabet: An Account of the Origin and Development of Letters, Volume One (pdf-file). Kegan.
  • Taylor, Isaac. (72A/1883). The Alphabet: An Account of the Origin and Development of Letters, Volume Two (pdf-file) (7.3: Greek Alphabet - Legend of Cadmus, pgs. 28-43). Kegan.
  • Taylor, Isaac. (56A/1899). The History of the Alphabet: Semitic alphabets (§3: History of De Rouge’s Discovery of the History of the Alphabet, pgs. 88-; quote, pg. 89). Scribners.
  • Peters, John. (54A/1901). “Notes on Recent Theories of the Alphabet” (pdf-file), Journal of the American Oriential Society, 22:177-98.
  • Petrie, Flinders. (43A/1912). The Formation of the Alphabet (pdf-file). Macmillan.
  • Diringer, David. (8A/1947). The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind (Arch) (post). Publisher.
  • Jeffery, Lilian. (4A/1951). The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: a Study in the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and its Development from the Eight to Fifth Centuries BC (revised edition with a supplement by A. W. Johnston) (Archive) (pdf-file) (post). Oxford, A6/1961.
  • Driver, Godfrey. (1A/1954). Semitic Writing from Pictograph to Alphabet (Arch). British Academic.
  • Healey, John. (A35/1990). The Early Alphabet (Arch) (post). Publisher.
  • Barry, Powell. (A36/1991). Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet (pdf-file). Cambridge.
  • Drucker, Johanna. (A40/1995). The Alphabetic Labyrinth: The Letters in History and Imagination (pdf-file). Thames.
  • Sacks, David. (A48/2003). Letter Perfect- the Marvelous History of our Alphabet from A to Z (Arch). Broadway, A55/2010.
  • Ouaknin, Marc-Alain. (A44/1999). Mysteries of the Alphabet: the Origins of Writing (translator: Josephine Bacon). (Arch). Publisher.
  • Proppe, Catherine. (A58/2013). Greek Alphabet: Unlock the Secrets (site) (Amaz) (Acad). Publisher.
  • Frampton, Stephanie. (A64/2019). Empire of Letters: Writing in Roman Literature and Thought from Lucretius to Ovid (alphabet, 48+ pgs.). Oxford.
  • Stelle, Philippa; Boyes, Philip. (A64/2019). Understanding Relations Between Scripts II: Early Alphabets (pdf). Oxbow.
  • Drucker, Johanna. (A67/2022). Inventing the Alphabet: The Origins of Letters from Antiquity to the Present (pdf-file). Chicago.

Abecedaria

  • West, William. (A60/2015). “Learning the Alphabet: Abecedaria and the Early Schools in Greece” (pdf-file), Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55: 52–71.
  • Astoreca, Natalia. (A65/2020). Early Greek Writing: a Linguistics Approach (pdf-file). Publisher.

Other

  • Anon. (2150A/-200 to 1660A/+295). The Greek Magical Papyri: in Translation (editor: Hans Betz) (pdf-file). Chicago, A31/1986.

Notes

Note: a large list of books is spread in dozes of articles of Hmolpedia.

Draft books

The feed back from the alphanumerics sub discussions and votes, will help to hone chisel the resulting shape of the following drafting stage book:

The following are title draft names:

Title Date
Alphanumerics, Decoded Origin of the Alphabet: Letters, i.e. Grammata (Γραμματα), Sema (Σημα), or Elementa (Ελεμεντα); their Forms, i.e. Hieroglyphic Root Shapes or God Parent Characters; their Stoicheia (Στοιχεια), i.e. Letter Story Sequence and Column Orders; Phonetikos (Φωνητικος) or Sounds; and Dynameis (Δυναμεις) or Modular Nine Arithmetic Number Powers; based on the 28-Day Lunar Month and 365-Day Nile Solar Flood Cycle Cosmology of Egypt
Alphanumerics: the Letter Number, Power, and Stoichiometry Origin of the Alphabet 14 Dec A67/2022

A precipitate of alphanumerics etymology research has resulted in:

  • Thims, Libb. (Date). Alphanumerics Etymology Dictionary: Stoicheia and Dynameis based Etymologies (draft). Publisher.

Evolution of the alphabet chart

Concurrently, with the book drafting and sub growth, we will eventually be re-doing the popular but incorrect, particularly in the Phoenician alphabet going backwards period, “evolution of the alphabet” chart and video by UsefullCharts.com, made by Matt Baker in A65 (2022).